mnut  OF  mewcTioN 


FOR     THE 


fOLUNTEEPvS'SiD  MILITIA 


.OF     T  H  K 


STATi:    OF    TEXAS. 


MKEN  FROM  GILHAM'S  MANUAL  OF  INSTRUCTION  FOR 
THE  VOLUNTEERS  AND  MILITIA  OF     * 
THE  UNITED  STATES. 


»MK1)    AT   THE    ' '  NEWS  "    OFFICE,  BY   RlCHARD.SOS   A'    CO. 

1861. 


<^ 


FREF^CE. 


Having  had  repeated  calls  made  upon  us  to  furuish  a  Manual  of 
Instructions  for  Military  Drill,  in  a  cbeap  pocket  form,  we  have,  at 
the  recommendation  of  Gen.  Sherman  and  Gen.  McLeod,  of  this 
city,  undertaken  a  reprint  of  "  The  School  of  the  Soldier,"  from 
Gilham's  Manual,  which  is  generally  admitted  to  embrace  all  that  is 
necessary  for  the  use  of  Volunteers  and  Militia,  and  which  we  offer 
at  a  price  that  will  be  within  the  range  of  all  who  wish  to  furnish 
themselves  with  a  copy. 


RICHARDSON  &  CO. 


(lALVESTON,  Mdif  ;»///,   ISGI. 


Galveston,  May  dth,  I86I. 
The  undersigned  recommend  the  republication,  in  cheap  form,  of 
"The  School  of  the  Soldier,"  from  Gilham's  Manual  of  Instruc- 
tions, for  the  benefit  of  the  Volunteers,  now  being  called  into  ser- 
vice in  Texas,  and  aid  in  establishing  uniformity  of  drill  throughout 

the  State. 

H.  McLEOD, 

S.  SHERMAN. 


4 


SCHOOL  OF  THE  SOLDIEE. 


( ;  E  \  I-:  R  A  L    RULES. 

TiiK  object  of  this  School  is  the  individual  instruction  of  the 
sohlier ;  it  sliouhl  be  tauglit  with  the  greatest  possible  care  and 
l)recision,  as  on  it  depends  the  efficiency  of  the  instruction  of  the 
company,  which  is  again  so  necessary  to  that  of  the  battalion,  and 
from  tliat  of  tlic  battalion  to  the  evolutions  of  the  line,  where  an 
entire  army  is  nnmoeuvred  with  as  much  precision  as  a  single  coni- 

I'-'iiy. 

Tlie  instructor  sJiould  never  require  a  movement  to  be  execute! 
until  he  has  fully  explained  it,  and  joined  example  to  precept  by 
IH-rfonning  the  movement  in  person.  He  should  ■accustom  the  sol- 
dier to  take  lor  himself  the  position  required,  correcting  him  when 
necessary,  and  should  labor  to  prevent  the  fornuition  of  a  habit  of 
carelessness  in  the  execution  of  the  movements. 

Each  movement  should  be  thoroughly  understood  befoic  i)assing 
to  another.  After  tliey  liave  been  properly  executed  in  the  order 
laid  down,  the  instructor  sliould  no  longer  confine  himself  to  that 
order.  The  men  should  be  allowed  to  rest  for  a  few  moments,  fre- 
quently, in  the  earlier  stages  of  their  instruction,  and  as  often  at 
otiier  times  as  the  instructor  may  think  necessary  to  prevent  weari- 
ness, which  is  tlie  prelude  to  carelessness.  When  they  are  at  atten- 
tion, however,  he  should  not  alloAv  any  looking  to  the  right  or  left; 
no  changing  of  position,  or  laugliing,  or  whispermg,  etc.,  so  co)nmon 
among  volunteers  and  militia.  Here  is  the  place  to  nvAke  the  indi- 
vidual soldier,  to  give  him  habits  of  attention,  teach  him  subor- 
dination, etc.  If  he  does  not  acquire  them  in  this  school,  it  Avill  be 
too  late  when  he  is  advanced  in  the  company. 

At  the  conunand  bkst,  the  soldier  is  no  longer  required  to  pre- 
serve immobility,  or  to  renuiiu  in  his  place.  If  the  instructor  wishes 
merely  to  relieve  the  attention  of  the  soldier,  he  commands,  in 
p'ace — hkst;  the  soldier  is  liien  only  required  to  keep  one  of  his 
f«*et  in  Dlace  ;  if  he  wishes  to  move  that  foot,  the  other  is  first 
oits  proper  position. 


MAM'AI.    rOR   VOU'NTEER^    ANT>  MILITIA. 

The  school  <if  the  soldier  is  divided  into  three  parts,  the  first  com- 
|trchending  wiiat  oufrht  to  be  taufrht  to  reeruits  witliout  arms:  the 
second,  the  manual  of  arms,  the  loadinjrs  and  firinjrs:  the  thinl,  the 
prineiples  of  alignment,  the  march  liy  the  front,  tlie  ditlerent  steps, 
the  march  by  the  tlank,  the  principles  of  wheeling,  and  those  of 
cliange  of  direction.  In  this  school,  the  company  is  brcdvcn  up  into 
>niall  scpiads,  the  number  of  men  in  each  squad  being  i)roportioncd 
to  the  number  of  instructors;  the  squads  for  the  first  and  second 
l»art  should  be  as  small  as  possible,  and  the  men  placed  in  single 
v:mk ;  for  instruction  in  the  third  part,  two  or  more  scpuids  of  about 
'  <inal  proliciency  should  be  united. 


I'Airr    FIKST. 

1)1  this  i)art,  the  men  should  l>e  without  arms,  and  abimt  oiie]>ace 
apart. 

Position  of  the  Soldier. 

Heels  on  the  same  line,  as  near  each  other  as  the  conformation  of 
the  men  will  permit;  because,  if  one  were  in  rear  of  the  other, 
thi-  shoulder  on  that  side  would  be  thrown  back. 

The  feet  turned  out  equally,  and  forming  with  each  other  sorae- 
tliing  less  than  a  right  angle  ;  because,  if  one  foot  were  turned  out 
inoi'e  than  the  other,  a  shoulder  would  bo  deranged,  and  if  both 
feet  V)e  too  much  turned  out,  it  would  not  ])e  practicable  to  give  the 
body  iU  proper  position. 

The  knees  straight,  without  stiffness;  because,  if  stiHened,  con- 
straint and  fatigue  would  be  unavoidable. 

The  body  erect  on  the  hij)s,  inclining  a  little  forward,  because  it 
gives  stability  to  the  jjosition.  Soldiers  arc  at  first  disposed  to  pro- 
ject the  belly  and  throw  back  the  shoulders  when  they  wish  to  hold 
themselves  erect,  from  which  result  many  inconveniences  in  march- 
ing; it  is,  therefore,  important  that  the  instructor  should  bo  par- 
ticular to  enforce  this  rule  at  the  begiiming. 

The  shoulders  square,  and  falling  equally;  if  the  slKjulders  are 
advanced  beyond  the  line  of  the  breast,  and  the  back  arched,  (tlie 
defect  called  roioid-shoiddered,)  the  inan  cannot  align  himself,  nor 
use  his  piece  with  skill.  Jn  correcting  this  defect,  the  instructor 
will  take  care  that  the  shoulders  ai-c  tiot  thrown  too  much  to  the 
rear,  causing  the  body  to  project,  and  the  small  of  the  b^'  -'' 


SCHttOL   OF   THE    SOI.MER. 

The  arms  lianging  naturally  ;  elbows  near  the  body  ;  palms  of  the 
hands  tm-ned  a  little  to  the  front,  the  little  fmger  behind  the  seain 
of  the  pantaloons.  These  positions  are  important  to  the  shonMer- 
arms,  to  prevent  the  man  from  occupying-  more  space  in  ranks  than 
is  necessary,  and  to  keep  the  shoulders  in  proper  position. 

The  head  erect,  and  square  to  the  front,  without  constraint ;  the 
chin  slightly  drawn  in  ;  the  eyes  fixed  straight  to  the  front,  in  order 
to  prevent  derangement  of  tlie  shoulders,  and  strikiug  the  ground 
at  the  distance  of  about  fifteen  ])aces. 

The  instructor  having  given  the  s((uad  the  i)ositi(in  of  the  solditn- 
without  arms,  will  now  teach  tlie  turning  of  the  head  and  eye'i.  He 
will  command. 

1.   Ei/ea—lUcnr.     2.  Fisont. 

At  tlie  word  right,  the  soldier  will  turn  his  liead  gently,  so  as  to 
bring  the  inner  corner  of  the  left  eye  in  a  line  with  the  buttons  of 
the  coat,  the  eyes  fixed  on  the  line  of  the  eyes  of  the  men  in  the 
same  rank.  At  the  command  Front  the  head  will  resume  the 
direct  or  habitual  position.  The  instructor  will  take  care  that  the 
movement  of  the  head  does  not  derange  the  squareness  of  the 
shoulders,  and  that  the  men  do  not  acquire  a  habit  of  thi'owing 
down  the  head  in  dressing. 

The  movement  of  Ki/fi^ — Lkkt  will  be  executed  by  inverse  mean-;. 

Facings. 

Facing  to  the  right  and  left  will  be  executed  in  one  linu-.  oi'  pause. 
The  instructor  commands: 

1.  SqiKvL     -1.    Right  (f.r  left)—VMK. 

At  the  Avoid  Face,  raise  the  right  foot  slightly,  turn  on  the  left 
heel,  to  the  right  (or  left),  raising  the  left  toe  a  little,  and  then  re- 
])lace  the  right  heel  beside  the  left,  and  on  the  same  line.  The  face 
should  always  be  through  a  right  angle,  and  should  be  executed  by 
the  feet  and  legs,  the  body  moving  around  to  the  right  (or  left,) 
without  twisting  or  constraint.  The  instructor  should  labor  to  keep 
the  1)ody  steady,  and  to  prevent  the  formation  of  the  habit  of  bend- 
ing the  knees,  or  springing. 

The  full  face  to  the  rear  is  ahvays  to  the  right,  and  is  (.'xeculed  in 
..^0  i'  ^use<.     The  instructor  commands  : 


MAMAT.    FOU    \OI.rNrKRR.'^    AND   MlLiriA. 

1.  Sijuatl.     '2.  Ai'.orr  -Fack. 

First  nio/i<»i.  At  the  word  olioitt,  tlio  soldier  will  turn  far  enough 
on  the  left  heel  to  hrin*;  the  left  t(.e  directly  to  the  front,  at  the 
same  time  earrying  his  right  foot  to  the  rear,  the  ludlow  opposite  to. 
and  full  three  inches  from  the  left  heel,  the  feet  sijuare  to  each 
other.  The  back  of  the  ri.uht  hand  is  placed  a  little  ahove  the  right 
hip,  anil  the  body  is  turned  to  the  right  sufficiently  to  give  ease  to 
tlie  position. 

Second  motion.  At  the  w<n-d  ,/Vut.  the  soldier  raises  his  toes  a 
little,  turns  ujion  l)oth  heels,  faces  to  tlic  rear,  keeping  his  legs 
straight,  and  draws  back  the  right  heel  by  the  side  of  the  left,  at 
llie  same  time  dropping  his  i-iglit  hand  l>y  his  side. 

I'xihtucc  Sli'j,. 

Before  commencing  the  march,  the  soldier  should  always  be  in- 
structed in  the  balance  stej),  the  object  of  which  is  to  teach  hiui  the 
fre<'  movement  of  his  limbs,  while  he  at  the  same  time  preserves 
]ierfect  s(piareness  of  the  shouldeis,  with  the  greatest  steadiness  of 
the  body;  no  labor  should  be  spared  to  attain  this  object,  which 
lies  at  the  very  foutidatiou  of  good  marching. 

The  squad  being  at  attention,  the  instructor  ef»nimands: 

Left  Foot — FoKWAKi). 

At  this  command  the  soldier  will  throw  his  left  foot  gently  for- 
wards, about  twenty-four  inches,  balancing  his  body  well  on  the 
I'ight  foot  without  chauging  the  position  of  the  shoulders,  and  with- 
out the  body  losing  its  erect  position.  The  toe  should  be  turned 
out  as  in  the  position  of  the  soldier,  the  foot  about  three  inches 
from  the  ground  and  very  nearly  parallel  to  it,  the  toe  being  very 
slightly  depressed. 

At  the  command: 

Left  Foot~\Xv.\\{. 

The  left  foot  is  brought  gently  back,  tlie  ball  of  the  left  foot  close 
1()  the  right  heel,  the  leg  straight,  toe  raised,  and  heel  depressed. 

As  soon  as  the  soldier  becouies  steady  in  the  new nosition,  the 
instructor  re])eats  the  command,  left  foot  fonrt(rd,  then  left  foot 
/■ear,  for  several  times,  and  then  commands: 


KUHUUL    of   the    SOLliUiill. 

Halt, 

at  which  the  left  foot,  either  advanced  or  to  the  rear,  is  brought  to 
the  right,  as  in  the  position  of  the  soldier. 

The  instructor  then  causes  the  soldier  to  balance  on  the  right  foot, 
by  advancing  and  retiring  the  right,  as  has  been  directed  for  the  left. 

The  Direct  Step. 

After  the  soldier  is  sufficiently  instructed  in  the  balance  step  to 
execute  it  on  either  foot  without  losing  his  balance,  the  instructor 
will  proceed  to  instruct  him  in  the  mechanism  of  the  direct  step. 
For  this  purpose  he  will  command  : 

1.  By  the  nuniJjers — Forward.    2.  One. 

At  the  command  one,  the  soldier  will  throw  forward  the  left  foot 
as  in  the  position  of  left  foot  forway^d,  the  instructor  then  com- 
mands : 

Two. 

At  this  command,  the  weight  of  the  body  is  thrown  forward,  the 
left  foot  striking  the  ground  without  shock,  at  the  distance  of  twenty 
eight  inches  from  the  right;  the  body  assumes  the  perpendicular 
position,  and  the  right  foot  is  brought  up  to  the  position  of  right 
foot  rear. 

The  right  foot  is  then  brought  forward  at  the  command  one,  and 
the  step  completeJ  at  the  command  two ;  thus  the  squad  is  made 
to  advance  step  by  step.  The  halt  is  executed  as  in  the  balance 
step. 

When  the  squad  is  sufficiently  instructed  in  the  mechanism  of  the 
direct  step,  the  instructor  will  cause  it  to  take  up  the  march  in  conj- 
mon  time  ;  for  this  purpose  he  will  command  : 

I.  Squad  Forvmrdr— Common  Time.    2.  Makch. 

At  the  commaud/orwTjrd,  the  soldier  will  throw  the  weight  of 
his  body  on  the  right  leg,  without  bending  the  lefi  knee. 

At  the  command  march,  he  will  smartly,  but  without  a  jt-ik,  carry 
straight  forward  the'left  foot  twenty-eight  inches  from  the  right,  the 
sole  near  the  ground,  the  leg  extended,  the  toe  a  little  depressed, 
and  botl'  '*^  '-^(l  the  knee  slightly  turned  out;  he  will  at  the  same 
time  f'  s'oight  of  the  body  forward,  and  plant  flat  the  left 

I 


MANLAL    POK    VOLLNTESKS    AM)    iULlIlA. 

foot,  without  shock,  precisely  at  the  distance  where  it  finds  itself 
from  the  right  when  the  weiglit  of  the  body  is  brought  forward, 
the  whole  (if  Avliirh  will  now  rest  on  the  left  foot.  The  soldier  will 
next,  in  like  manner,  advance  the  right  foot  and  plant  it  as  diroit -d 
for  the  left,  the  heel  twenty-eight  inches  from  the  heel  of  the  lift 
foot,  and  thus  continue  the  march  without  crossing  the  legs,  or 
striking  one  against  the  other,  without  turning  the  shoulders,  and 
always  preserving  the  face  direct  to  the  front.  Common  time  is 
executed  at  the  rate  of  ninety  steps  to  the  minute. 
When  the  instructor  wishes  to  arrest  the  march  he  commands  : 

I.  Squad.    2.  Halt, 

The  command  halt  should  be  given  just  as  one  foot  has  come  to 
the  ground,  and  the  other  is  rais;?d  for  making  the  next  step  ;  the 
soldier  instinctively  completes  the  pace  with  the  raised  foot,  and 
brings  the  other  tirndy  to  its  place  beside  it.  By  careful  attention 
to  this  rule  a  large  command  may  be  as  readily  halted  at  the  same 
instant,  as  a  single  individual. 

The  principles  of  the  step  in  quick  time  are  the  same  as  for  com- 
mon time  ;  it  is  executed,  however,  at  the  rate  of  110  steps  per 
minute.  After  the  soldier  is  well  established  in  the  length  and 
sv/iftness  of  the  step  at  common  time,  he  should  be  practiced  in 
quick  time,  as  it  is  the  pace  best  adapted  to  marches,  the  manceu- 
vers,  etc. 

The  instructor  wishing  the  squad  to  march  in  quick  time,  com- 
mands : 

I.  Squad  forward.    2.  Maucu. 

Principles  of  the  Double  Quick  Step. 

The  length  of  the  double  quick  step  is  thirty-three  inches,  and  its 
swiftness  is  at  the  rate  of  165  steps  per  minute.  This  step  is  de- 
signed especially  for  light  troops,  such  as  light  infantry  and  riflemen, 
and  to  them  it  is  indispensible  ;  its  utility  hn-,  hoM-ever,  been  soi 
frequently  demonstrated  of  late  years,  as  to  make  it  proper  that  itj 
should  form  a  part  of  the  instruction  of  all  infantry  troops. 

The  instructrr  wishing  to  teach  his  squad  the  ijriuciples  andj 
mcclianism  of  the  double  quick  step,  commands  : 

I.  Double  quick  step.    2.  March. 

At  the  comma.nd.  doiihle  quirV  sf-ep,  the  soldier  will  nu'sp  'li^  h,i< 


8CnuUl.    OF   THE   SOLDIER. 

to  a  level  with  his  hips,  the  hands  closed,  the  nails  towards  the  body, 
the  elbows  to  the  rear  and  well  drawn  in  towards  the  body. 

At  the  command  march,  he  will  raise  his  left  knee  as  high  as 
possible  without  derangement  of  the  bod^-,  keeping  his  leg  from  the 
knee  down  in  a  vertical  position,  the  toe  depressed  ;  he  will  then 
replace  his  foot  in  its  former  position.  At  the  command  two,  he 
will  execute  with  the  right  leg  Avhat  has  just  been  prescribed  for 
the  left,  and  the  alternate  movement  of  the  legs  at  the  commands 
one,  two,  will  be  continued  until  the  command  : 

1.  Squad.    2  Halt. 

At  the  command  halt,  the  soldier  will  hiing  the  foot  which  is 
raised  by  the  side  of  the  other,  and  at  the  same  time  dropping  his 
hands  by  his  side  will  resume  the  position  of  the  soldier  Avithout 
arms. 

When  the  squad  iias  learned  to  execute  the  step  properly,  the 
instructor  will  repeat  the  words  one,  two,  in  more  rapid  succession,' 
and  will  finally  drop  them,  leaving  the  files  to  execute  the  step  in 
their  own  time.  The  instructor  will  see  that  the  step  is  taken  in 
rapid  succession,  and  that  none  of  the  files  lose  the  step. 

The  soldier  being  sufficiently  established  in  the  principles  of  this 
step,  the  instructor  will  command  : 

1.  Squad  forward.    2.  Double  quick.    3.  MAntai. 

At  the  commnm^  forward,  the  soldier  will  throw  the  weight  of  his 
body  on  the  right  leg,  without  bending  the  left  knee. 

At  the  command  double  quick,  he  will  place  his  arms  as  indicated 
above. 

At  the  command  march,  he  will  carry  forward  the  left  foot,  and 
plant  it,  the  toe  first,  at  the  distance  of  thirty-three  inches  from  the 
right,  the  leg  slightly  bent,  and  the  knee  somewhat  raised  ;  he  will 
then  execute  with  the  right  foot  what  has  just  been  prescribed  for 
tlie  left.  This  alternate  movement  of  the  legs  will  take  place  by 
throwing  the  weight  of  the  body  on  the  foot  that  is  planted,  and  by 
allowing  a  natural,  oscillatory  motion  of  the  arms.  The  feet  siiould 
not  be  raised  too  much,  a  common  fault  with  beginners,  and  the 
body  should  incline  slightly  forward. 

The  double  quick  step  may  be  executed  with  different  degrees  of 
swiftness.    Under  urgent  cii'cumstances.  the  cadence  of  this  step 


MANUAL    KOK    VOLL.NTEERS   AND   MILITIA. 

ay  be  increaseJ  to  180  per  minute.  At  this  rate  a  distance  of 
4900  yards  would  be  passed  over  in  about  twenty-five  minutes. 

The  men  should  be  exercised  in  runninp; ;  the  principles  are  the 
same  as  for  the  double  quick  step,  the  only  difference  consisting  in 
a  greater  degree  of  swiftness. 

It  is  recommended  in  marching  in  double  quick  time,  or  the  run, 
that  the  men  should  breathe  as  much  as  possible  through  the  nose, 
keeping  the  mouth  closed. 


PART    SECOND. 
General  Rules. 

The  instructor  will  not  pass  the  soldiers  to  this  second  part  until 
they  are  well  established  in  the  position  of  the  body,  and  in  the 
manner  of  marching  at  the  dilTorent  steps. 

In  the  manual  of  arms  each  command  Avill  be  executed  in  one 
tinie  (or  pause,)  but  this  time  will  be  divjded  into  motions,  the  bet- 
ter to  make  known  the  mechanism,  and  to  secure  uniformity  and 
precision  in  the  movements. 

The  rate  (or  swiftness)  of  each  motion,  in  the  manual  of  arms,  13 
fixed  at  the  ninetieth  part  of  a  minute;  but  the  instructor  will,  at 
first,  look  more  particularly  to  the  execution  of  the  motions,  with- 
out requiring  a  nicq  observance  of  the  cadence,  to  which  he  will 
bring  the  men  progressively,  and  after  they  have  become  a  little 
familiarized  with  the  use  of  the  weapon. 

The  motions  relative  to  the  cartridge,  the  rammer,  and  to  the 
fixing  and  unfixing  of  the  bayonet,  cannot  be  executed  at  the  rate 
prescribed;  or  even  with  uniform  swiftness;  the  instructor  will, 
however  labor  to  have  these  motions  executed  with  promptness  and 
regularity. 

The  last  syllable  of  the  command  will  decide  the  brisk  execution 
of  the  first  motion  of  each  time  (or  pause.)  The  commands  iiwo, 
Z/iree,  and  four,  will  decide  the  brisk  execution  of  the  other  motions. 
As  soon  as  the  men  comprehend  well  the  positions  of  the  several 
motions  of  a  time,  they  will  be  taught  to  execute  the  time  without 
resting  on  its  motions  ;  the  mechanism  of  the  time  must,  however, 
be  observed,  as  well  to  give  perfect  use  of  the  weapon,  as  to  pre- 
vent carelessness  or  slighting  of  the  motions.     WImmi  tlif  ' 


SCHOOL   OF   THE   SOLDIEK. 

acquired  suflScient  proficiency  to  execute  the  times  without  resting, 
the  instructor  must  be  careful  to  have  the  proper  cadence  observed  ; 
gi-eat  promptness  in  the  execution  of  the  motions  is  not  incom- 
patible with  an  observance  of  a  pause  between  them,  so  that  they 
may  be  executed  at  the  prescribed  rate — that  is^of  ninety  to  the 
minute.  Those  instructors  who  insist  most  upon  the  strict  observ- 
ance of  this  rule,  are  those  whose  squads  execute  the  manual  in  the 
best  manner. 

Principles  of  Shouldered  A}~ms. 

Each  soldier  being  in  the  position  of  a  soldier,  the  instructor  will 
cause  him  to  turn  up  the  left  hand  without  bending  the  wrist,  the 
left  fore-arm  only  acting.  The  instructor  will  raise  the  piece  per- 
pendicularly, and  place  it  as  follows  : 

The  piece  in  the  left  hand,  the  arm  very  slightly  bent,  the  elbow 
back  nea%the  body,  the  palm  of  the  hand  pressing  on  the  outer 
flat  of  the  butt ;  the  outer  edge  of  the  latter  on  the  upper  joints  of 
the  fingers,  the  heel  of  the  butt  between  the  middle  and  fore-fingers, 
the  thumb  on  the  front  screw  of  the  butt  plate,  the  remaining  fin- 
gers under  the  butt,  the  butt  more  or  less  kept  back,  according  to 
the  conformation  of  the  man,  so  that  the  piece,  seen  from  the  front, 
shall  appear  perpendicular,  and,  also,  that  the  movement  of  the 
thigh,  in  marching,  may  not  raise  it  or  cause  it  to  waver;  the  stock, 
below  the  tail-band,  resting  against  the  hollow  of  the  shoulder,  just 
within  the  joint,  the  right  arm  hanging  naturally  as  prescribed  in 
the  position  of  the  soldier. 

Soldiers  on  first  bearing  arms  are  liable  to  derange  their  posi- 
tion, and  particularly  to  distort  the  shoulders,  which,  causing  the 
musket  to  lose  its  point  of  support,  they  drop  the  left  hand  to  pre- 
vent the  musket  from  falling  from  the  shoulder,  which  again  causes 
that  shoulder  to  droop,  a  curvature  of  the  side,  spreading  of  the 
elbows,  etc.  The  instructor  will  be  careful  to  correct  all  these  faults 
by  continually  rectifying  the  position  ;  he  will  avoid  fatiguing  the 
men  too  much  in  the  beginning,  but  labor  to  render  this  position  so 
natural  and  easy  by  degrees,  that  they  may  remain  in  it  a  long  time 
without  fatigue. 

The  instructor  will  also  take  great  care  that  the  musket  be  not 
carried  too  high  or  too  low;  if  too  high,  the  left  elbow  would 
spread  out,  the  soldier  would  occupy  too  much  space  in  ranks,  and 
'111'  niu';1coi  would  bo  unsteadv :    if  two  low,  the  files  would  be  too 


MAM.AI.    FOR   AOLINTEEKS   AND   MILITIA. 

close,  the  man  would  not  have  the  necessary  space  to  handle  his 
musket  with  facility,  the  left  arm  would  become  too  much  fatigued, 
the  shoulder  would  droop,  etc. 

The  manual  of  the  musket  will  be  taught  in  the  following  order  : 
The  instructor  commands : 

Support — Akms;     One  time  and  three  motions. 

First  motion.  With  the  right  hand  seize  the  small  of  the  stock 
briskly,  four  inches  l)elow  the  lock,  raising  the  piece  a  little,  but 
not  turning  it. 

Second  motion.  Take  the  left  hand  from  the  butt;  extend  the 
left  fore-arm  upward  across  the  body,  and  under  the  hammer,  the 
left  hand  flat  on  the  right  breast. 

Third,  motion.    Drop  the  right  arm  smartly  to  its  position. 

The  squad  being  at  support  a')'m,s,  the  instructor  commands : 

Carry — Arms.     One  time  and  three  motions. 

First  motion.  Carry  quickly  the  right  hand  to  the  small  of  the 
stock. 

Second  motion.  Place  the  left  hand  under  the  butt,  as  in  the 
position  of  shoulder  arms. 

Third  motion.  Let  full  smartly  the  right  hand  to  its  position, 
and  drop  with  the  loft,  at  the  same  time,  the  piece  into  the  position 
of  shoidder  arms. 

Present— Abms.    One  time  and  two  motions. 

Fi7'st  motion.  Turn  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  the  lock  out, 
and  seize  the  small  of  the  stock  at  the  same  time  with  the  right 
hand,  the  piece  perpendicular  and  detached  from  the  shoulder,  the 
left  hand  remaining  under  the  butt. 

Second  nution.  Complete  the  turning  inwards  of  the  piece,  so 
as  to  bring  it  erect  before  the  centre  of  the  body,  the  rammer  to 
the  front,  the  right  hand  under  and  against  the  guard;  seize  it 
smartly  at  the  same  time  with  the  left  hand  just  above  the  lock,  the 
thumb  extended  along  the  barrel  and  on  the  stock,  the  left  fore-ai*m 
resting  on  the  body  without  constraint,  and  the  hand  at  the  height 
of  the  elboiv. 

Shoulder— Anus.     One  time  and  two  motions. 

First  motion.  Turn  the  piece  with  the  right  hand,  the  barrel 
to  the  front,  raise  and  support  it  against  the  left  shoulder  with  the 


SCHOOL    OF   THt;   iSOLDlKR. 

right  hand,  drop  the  left  under  the  butt,  the  right  hand  resting  on 
without  grasping,  the  small  of  the  stock. 
Second  motion.    Drop  quickl.v  the  right  hand  into  its  position. 

Order — Arms.     One  time  and  two  motions. 

First  motion.  Drop  the  piece  smartl}^  by  extending  the  left  arm, 
seize  it  at  the  same  time  with  the  right  hand,  above  and  near  the 
tail-band ;  quit  the  hold  of  the  left  hand,  and  carry  the  piece  oppo- 
site the  right  shoulder,  the  rammer  to  the  front,  the  little  finger 
behind  the  barrel,  the  right  hand  supported  against  the  hip,  the 
butt  three  inches  from  the  ground,  the  piece  erect,  the  left  hand 
hanging  by  the  side. 

Second  motion.  Let  the  piece  slip  through  the  right  hand  to 
the  ground  without  shock,  and  take  the  position  about  to  be  des- 
cribed. 

Position  of  Order  Arms. 

The  hand  low,  the  barrel  between  the  thu  nb  and  fore-fluger  ex- 
tended along  ths  stock ;  the  other  fin3;ers  ext.Mided  and  joined  ;  the 
muzzle  about  two  inches  from  the  right  shoulder ;  the  rammer  in 
front;  the  toe  of  the  butt  against,  and  in  a  line  with,  the  toe  of  the 
right  foot,  the  barrel  perpendicular. 

When  the  instructor  wishes  to  give  repose  in  this  position,  he 
commands: 

Rest. 

At  this  command  the  soldiers  will  rot  be  required  to  preserve 
silence  or  steadiness.  They,  however,  will  not  quit  their  rank  with- 
out special  permission. 

When  the  instructor  wishes  the  men  to  pass  from  this  position  to 
that  of  silence  and  steadiness,  he  commands: 

1.  Attention.    2.  Squad. 

At  the  second  word,  the  men  will  resume  the  position  of  order 
arms,  and  remain  firm  and  silent. 

Shoulder — Akms.     One  time  and  tico  motions. 

First  motion.    Raise  smartly  the  piece  with  the  right  hand,  carry 
.  >ii»^ainst  the  left  shoulder,  turning  it.  so  as  to  bring  the  barrel  to 


w 


Iti  MANUAL    FUK    VOLLNTEEKs;   AND   MILITIA. 

the  front;  at  the  same  time  place  tlie  left  hand  under  the  butt,  and 
slip  the  right  hand  down  to  the  lock. 
jSecond  motion.    Let  the  right  hand  full  briskly  to  its  position. 

CJiarge — Bayonet.     0)ie  time  and  two  motions. 

Fv'st  motion.  Make  a  half  face  to  the  right  on  the  left  heel, 
bring  the  left  toe  directly  to  the  front,  at  the  same  time  place  the 
right  foot  behind,  and  at  right  angles  with  the  left,  the  hollow  of  the 
right  foot  opposite  to,  and  about  three  inches  from  the  left  heel ; 
turn  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  the  lock  outwards,  and  seize  the 
small  of  the  stock  at  the  same  time  with  the  right  hand,  the  musket 
perpendicular,  and  detached  from  the  shoulder,  the  left  hand  under 
the  butt. 

Second  motion.  Bringdown  the  piece  with  the  right  hand,  let- 
ting it  fall  firml}'  into  the  left,  the  latter  seizing  it  a  little  in  advance 
of  the  tail-band,  the  barrel  up,  the  left  elbow  nca'r  the  body,  the 
right  hand  against  the  hip,  the  point  of  the  bayonet  as  high  as 
the  eye. 

SJioulder — Arms.     07ie  time  and  two  motions. 

First  motion.  Face  to  the  front  by  turning  on  the  left  heel,  bring 
up  the  right  by  the  side  of  the  left  U,ee! ;  at  the  same  time  bring  up 
the  piece  with  the  right  hand  to  the  left  shoulder,  and  place  the  left 
hand  under  the  butt. 

Second  motion.  Let  the  right  hand  fall  promptly  into  its 
position. 

Load  in  ten  times.    1.  Load — One  time  and  tico  motions. 

First  m,otion.  Drop  the  piece  by  a  smart  extension  of  the  left 
arm,  seize  it  with  the  right  hand  above  and  near  the  iower  band  ; 
at  the  same  time  carry  the  right  foot  forward,  the  heel  against  the 
hollow  of  the  left  foot. 

Second  motion.  Drop  the  piece  Avith  the  right  hand  along  the  left 
thigh,  seize  it  with  the  left  hand  above  the  right,  and  with  the  left 
hand  let  it  descend  to  the  ground,  without  shock,  the  piece  touch- 
ing the  left  thigh,  and  the  muzzle  opposite  the  centre  of  the  body; 
carry  the  right  hand  quickly  to  the  cartridge-box  and  open  it. 

2.  Handle — Cartkidge.      One  time  and  one  motion. 

Seize  a  cartridge  with  the  thumb  and  the  next  two  fingers,  and 
place  it  between  the  teeth. 


SCHOOL  OF  THE  SOLDIEK.  1. 

3.  Tear — Cartridge.     One  time  and  one  motion. 

Tear  the  paper  down  to  tlie  powder,  hold  the  cartridge  upright 
between  the  thumb  and  two  next  fingers,  near  the  top;  in  this  po- 
sition place  it  in  front  of  and  near  the  muzzle,  the  back  of  the  hand 
to  the  front, 

4.  C/i«r<7e— Cartridge. 

Fix  the  eye  on  the  muzzle,  turn  quickly  the  back  of  the  right  hand 
towards  the  body,  in  order  to  discharge  the  powder  into  the  barrel, 
raise  the  elbow  to  the  height  of  the  wrist,  shake  the  cartridge, 
force  it  into  the  muzzle,  and  leave  the  hand  reversed,  the  fingers 
closed,  but  not  clinched. 

o.  Draw — Rammer.     One  time  and  three  motions, 

^irst  motion.  Drop  the  right  ejbow  smartly,  and  seize  the  ram- 
mer between  the  thum  and  fore-finger  bent,  the  other  fingers  shut ; 
draw  it  smartly,  extending  the  arm,  seize  the  rammer  again  at  the 
middle  between  the  thumb  and  fore-finger,  the  hand  reversed,  the 
palm  to  the  front,  the  nails  up,  the  eye  following  the  movement  of 
the  hand,  clear  the  rammer  from  the  pipes  by  again  extending  the 
arm. 

Second  motion.  Turn  rapidly  the  rammer  between  the  bayonet 
and  the  face,  closing  the  fingers,  the  rammers  of  the  rear  rank  gra- 
zing the  right  shoulders  of  the  men  of  the  same  file  in  front,  the 
rammer  parallel  to  the  bayonet,  the  arm  extended,  the  butt  of  the 
rammer  opposite  to  the  muzzle  but  not  yet  inserted,  the  eyes  fixed 
on  the  muzzle, 

Ihird  motion.  Insert  the  butt  of  the  rammer,  and  force  it  down 
as  low  as  the  hand. 

6.  Ram — Cartridge.    One  time  and  one  motion. 

Extend  the  arm  to  its  full  length  to  seize  rammer  between  the 
right  thumb  extended  and  the  fore-finger  bent,  the  other  fingers 
closed;  with  force  ram  home  twice  and  seize  the  rammer  at  the 
small  end  between  the  thumb  and  fore-finger  bent,  the  other  fingers 
closed,  the  right  elbow  touching  the  body.  • 

7.  Return — Rammer.     One  time  and  three  motions. 

First  motion.     Draw  the  rammer  brisklv,  re-seize  it  at  the  mid- 


18  MANUAL    FOR   VOU'NTEKHS    AND  MILTTIA, 

die  between  the  thumb  and  fore-finger,  the  hand  reversed,  the  palm 
to  the  front,  the  nails  up,  the  eyes  following  the  hand,  clear  the 
rammer  from  the  barrel  by  extending  the  arm, 

Second  motion.  Turn  the  rammer  rai)idly  between  the  bayonet 
and  the  face,  closing  the  fingers,  the  rammers  of  the  rear  rank  gra- 
zing the  right  shoulders  of  the  men  of  the  same  file  in  front,  the 
rammer  parallel  to  the  bayonet,  the  arm  extended,  the  little  end  of 
the  rammer  opposite  to  the  first  i)ipe.  but  not  yet  inserted,  the  eyes 
fixed  on  that  pipe. 

Tliivd  motion.  Insert  the  small  end,  and  with  the  thumb,  which 
will  follow  tiie  movement,  force  in  as  low  as  the  middle  band ;  raise 
the  hand  quickly,  a  little  bent,  place  the  little  finger  on  the  butt 
of  the  ranimcr,  and  force  it  down :  lower  the  left  hand  on  the  barrel 
to  the  extent  of  the  arm  without  depressing  the  shoulder. 

8.  Ca.^f — About,     One  time  and  two  motions. 

First  motion.  With  the  left  hand  bring  np  the  piece  verticaliy 
against  the  left  shoulder,  seize  it  smartly  with  the  right  hand  at  the 
small  of  the  stock,  and  slide  the  left  hand  doAvn  as  low  as  the 
chin. 

Second  motion.  Make  a  half  face  to  the  right  on  the  left  heel, 
bring  the  left  toe  to  the  front,  place  the  right  foot  at  the  same  time 
close  behind,  and  at  right  angles  with  the  left,  the  hollow  of  the 
right  foot  against  the  left  heel ;  carry  the  piece  opposite  to  the  right 
shoulder;  bring  doAvn  the  piece  with  the  right  hand  into  the  left, 
which  will  seize  it  at  the  tail  band,  the  thumb  extended  on  the 
stock,  the  butt  under  the  right  fore-arai,  the  small  of  the  stock 
against  the  body,  and  about  two  inches  under  the  right  breast,  the 
muzzle  at  the  lieight  of  the  eye,  the  left  elbow  supported  against 
the  side,  the  right  hand  grasping  the  small  of  the  stock. 

0.  Phimr.     0)i,e  time  and  one  motion. 

Place  the  thumb  of  the  right  hand  on  the  hammer  (the  fingers 
remaining  und^r  and  against  the  guard,)  and  half-cock  the  piece  ; 
brush  off  the  old  cap,  and  with  the  thumb  and  first  two  fingers  of 
the  right  hand  take  a  cap  from  the  pouch,  ])lace  it  firmly  on  the 
cone  by  pushing  it  down  with  the  thumb,  and  seize  tlie  piece  by  the 
small  of  the  stock. 


SOHUOI.   OF   THE   SJOLUIER.  IH 

10.  Shoulder — Arms.     One  time  and  two  motions. 

First  motion.  Face  to  the  front  by  turning  on. the  left  heel;  at 
the  same  time  bring  the  piece  briskl}^  with  the  right  hand  to  the  left 
shoulder,  and  place  the  left  hand  under  the  butt. 

Second  motion.  Let  the  right  hand  fall  smartly  into  its  position 
at  shoulder  arins. 

Ready.     (From  the  position  of  jjrwue.)     One  time  and  one  motion. 

Place  the  thumb  of  the  right  hand  on  the  hammer  (the  fingers 
remaining  under  and  against  the  guard,)  cock  the  piece,  and  seize 
the  small  of  the  stock. 

Ready.     (From  the  position' of  shoulder  arms.)     One  lime  n'nd 
four  motions. 

First  motion.  Turn  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  the  lock  to  the 
front,  seize  it  at  the  small  of  the  stock  with  the  right  hand ;  at  the 
same  time  make  a  half  face  to  the  right  on  the  left  heel,  bringing 
the  left  toe  to  the  front,  and  placing  the  right  foot  beliind,  and 
at  right  angles  to  the  left,  the  hollow  of  the  foot  against  the  left 
heel. 

Second  motion.  Bring  the  piece  with  the  right  hand  to  the  middle 
of  the  body,  place  the  left  hand  just  above  the  lock,  the  thumb  ex- 
tended along  the  stock  at  the  height  of  the  chin,  the  counter  (or  S) 
plate  turned  towards  the  body,  the  rammer  obliquely  to  tlie  left  and 
front. 

Third  motion.  Place  the  thumb  on  the  hammer,  the  fore-finger 
under  and  on  the  guard,  the  other  three  fingers  joined  to  the  fii-st, 
the  elbow  at  the  height  of  the  hand. 

Fourth  motion.  Close  the  right  elbow  smartly  to  the  body  in 
cocking,  without  bending  the  wrist,  seize  the  piece  by  the  small  of 
the  stock,  let  it  descend  along  the  body  in  the  left  hand  to  the  tail- 
band,  which  will  remain  at  the  height  of  the  shoulder. 

Aim.  One  time  and  one  motion. 
Raise  the  butt  to  the  shoulder,  the  left  elbow  a  little  down,  shut 
the  left  eye,  direct  the  right  along  the  barrel,  drop  the  head  upon 
the  butt  to  catch  the  object,  and  place  the  fore-finger  on  the 
trigger.  The  rear  rank  will  at  the  same  time,  carry  the  right  foot 
about  eight  inches  towards  the  left  heel  of  the  man  next  on  his 
right. 


-0  MANUAL    i-OK    VOLUXTt^KS   ANU   MIHIIA, 

Fire.     One  time  and  one  motion. 

Apply  the  fore-fiuger  with  force  to  the  trigger  without  further 
lowering  or  turning  the  head,  and  remain  in  that  position. 

Load.     (From  Wiefire.)     One  time  and  tiro  motions. 

First  motion.  Bring  back  the  piece  quickly  with  both  hands, 
depress  the  butt  strongly  by  extending  the  right  arm,  and  carry  it 
with  the  arm  thus  extended  to  the  left  side,  the  barrel  to  "the  front 
and  oi){)Osite  to  the  left  shoulder,  the  left  hand  at  the  height  of  the 
chin,  the  back  of  the  hand  to  the  front,  the  left  fore-arni  touching 
the  stock;  at  the  same  time  face  to  the  front  and  carry  the  right 
foot  forward,  the  heel  against  the  hollow  of  the  left  foot. 

Sccondmotion.  Let  go  the  handle  with  the  right  hand,  let  the 
piece  descend  through  the  left  to  the  ground,  without  shock,  and 
take  the  position  of  the  second  motion  of  load. 

/S7iou/der^ARMS.     (From  t\\Qfire.)     One  time  and  two  motions. 

First  motion.  Bring  back  the  piece  with  both  hands,  face  to  the 
front,  carry  the  piece  against  the  left  slioulder,  and  place  the  left 
hand  under  the  butt. 

Second  motion.    Let  the  right  hand  fall  smartly  to  its  position. 

The  squad  being  in  the  position  of  aim,  the  instructor,  to  habituate 
the  soldiers  to  wait  for  the  vrord Jlre,  sometimes  commands: 

Recover — Arms.     One  time  and  one  motion. 

Withdraw  the  finger  from  the  trigger,  throAv  up  the  muzzle  smartly, 
and  retake  the  position  of  the  fourth  motion  oi  ready. 

The  men  being  in  this  position,  if  the  instructor  wishes  them  to 
come  to  a  shoulder,  he  commands: 

Shoulder — Arms. 

At  the  word  shoulder,  the  squad  will  face  to  the  front,  and  bring 
their  pieces  to  the  middle  of  the  body  again;  the  left  thumb  at  the 
height  of  the  chin,  the  little  finger  just  above  the  lock;  next  place 
the  right  thumb  on  the  head  of  the  hammer,  support  the  fore-finger 
on  the  trigger,  sustain  the  hammer  carefully  in  its  descent  at  the 
same  time,  to  the  position  of  half-cock,  then  seize  the  small  of  the 
stock  with  the  right  hand.  At  the  word  arms,  carry  the  piece  to 
the  shoulder  smartly,  and  take  the  position  of  shoulder  anns. 


SCHOOL    OF   TUE    SOLDIKK.  'li 

To  load  ill  four  times  (or  jMunes. ) 

The  instructor  commands : 

1.  Load  in  four  times.    2.  Load. 

Execute  the  first  time  of  loading,  handle  cartridge,  tear  cartridge, 
charge  cartridge. 

Two. 

Draw  rammer,  enter  it  as  far  as  the  Jiand,  and  ram  twice. 

Three. 
Return  rannner,  cast  about,  and  prime. 

Four. 

Execute  the  tenth  time  of  loading. 

The  soldiers  being  at  a  shoulder,  when  the  instructor  may  wish 
to  return  baj'onets,  he  commands  : 

Unfix. — Bayonets.     One  time  and  three  motions. 

First  motion.  Drop  the  piece  by  a  smart  extension  of  the  left 
arm,  seize  it  with  the  right  hand  above  and  near  the  tail-band. 

Second  motion.  Drop  the  piece  with  the  right  hand  along  the 
left  thigh,  seize*it  with  the  left  liand  above  the  right,  lengthen  out 
the  left  arm,  rest  the  butt  on  the  ground,  without  shock,  and  carry 
the  right  hand  at  the  same  time  to  the  bayonet,  with  the  thumb 
lower  the  clasp  against  the  stop,  and  then  seize  the  bayonet  at  the 
socket  and  shank. 

Third  motion.  Wrest  off'  the  bayonet,  return  it  to  the  scabbard, 
place  the  little  finger  on  the  butt  of  the  rammer,  lower  the  left  hand 
along  the  barrel  in  extending  the  arm,  without  depressing  the 
shoulder. 

Shoidder — Arms.     One  time  and  three  motions. 

First  motion.  Raise  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  along  the  left 
side,  the  hand  at  the  height  of  the  chin,  the  fore-arm  touching  the 
piece,  the  barrel  to  the  front;  drop  at  the  same  time  the  right  hand 
to  seize  the  piece  a  little  above  the  handle,  the  fore-finger  touching 
the  cock,  and  the  thumb  on  the  counter-plate. 

^cond,  motion.  Raise  the  piece  with  the  right  hand,  drop  the 
left,  and  place  it  under  the  butt,  bring  back  the  right  heel  to  the 


I-  .M.VMAL    KOK    VOLl.NTKKKS    AND   MUJTIA. 

side  of  the  left,  and  on  the  same  line :  support  the  piece  with  the 
right  hand  against  the  shoulder,  in  the  position  prescribed  for 
ahovlOer  arms,  the  right  hand  resting  on ,  without  grasping,  the  piece. 
Ihird  motion.  Let  fall  smartly  the  right  hand  into  its  position 
by  the  side  of  the  thigh. 

Fix — Bayonkt. 

First  and  second  motions.  As  the  first  and  second  motions  of 
n)ifix  bayonet,  except  that  at  the  end  of  the  second  motion,  the 
right  hand  will  go  to  seize  the  bayonet  by  the  socket  and  shank,  so 
that  the  lower  (now  upper)  end  of  the  socket  shall  extend  about  an 
inch  above  the  heel  of  the  palm. 

T/iird  motion.  Draw  the  bayonet  from  the  scal»bard,  carry  and 
tix  it  on  the  muzzle,  turning  the  clasp  towards  the  body  with  the 
right  thumb  ;  place  the  little  linger  on  the  head  of  the  rannncr, 
lower  the  left  hand  along  the  barrel,  in  extending  the  arm. 

Shoidder — Arms. 

The  same  as  from  the  unfix  bayonet. 

Secure — Arms.     One  time  and  two  motions. 

First  motion.  Seize  quickly  the  piece  with  the  right  hand,  tlie 
thumb  on  the  counter-plate,  and  the  fore-finger  against  the  cock  ; 
detach  the  piece  from  the  shoulder  at  the  same  inst^pt,  the  barrel 
to  the  front,  seize  it  at  the  tail-band  with  the  left  hand,  the  thumb 
extended  on  the  rammer,  the  piece  ei'ect,  opposite  to  the  shouldei^,'? 
the  left  elbow^  on  the  piece. 

Second  motion.    Reverse  the  piece,  pass  it  under  the  left  arm ^  ' 
tlie  left  hand  remaining  at  the  tail-band,  the  thumb  on  the  rammer 
to  prevent  it  from  sliding  out,  the  little  finger  resting  against  the 
hip,  and  the  right  hand  falling  at  the  same  time  into  its  position. 
Skonlder — Arms.     One  time  and  two  motions. 

First  motion.  Raise  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  but  not  too 
suddenly,  lest  the  rammer  should  fly  out ;  seize  the  handle  Avith  the 
right  hand  to  support  it  against  the  shoulder^  quit  the  hold  of  the 
left  hand,  and  place  quickly  this  hand  under  the  butt. 

Second  motion.     Let  fall  smartly  the  right  hand  into  its  position;^, 
drop  at  the  same  time  the  piece  into  the  position  of  sltoxddered  armSt 
Trail— Amis.    One  time  and  two  motions. 

First  laotion.    iVs  the  first  motion  of  order  «nn.s. 


SCHOOL   OF   THE  SOLDIETJ.  iJ 

"  Second  motion.  Incline  a  little  the  muzzle  to  the  front,  the  butt 
to  the  rear,  and  about  three  inches  from  the  ground;  the  right  hand, 
supported  at  the  hip,  will  sustain  the  piece  so  that  the  men  of  the 
rear  rank  may  not  toucli  with  their  bayonets  the  men  in  front  of 
them. 

SJionJder — Arms. 

At  the  command  shoulder,  raise  the  piece  perpendicularly  in  the 
right  hand ;  at  the  command  arms,  execute  what  has  been  jn-e- 
scribed  for  the  shoulder  from  the  position  of  order  arms. 

To  the  right  shovlder,  shift — Arms.     One  time  and  one  motion. 

Turn  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  the  lock  to  the  front,  sci/.e  it 
at  the  same  time  with  the  right  hand  at  the  handle,  place  it  on  the 
right  shoulder,  the  left  hand  not  quitting  the  butt,  the  lock-plate 
upwards,  the  muzzle  up  ;  sustain  the  piece  in  this  position  by  plac- 
ing the  right  hand  on  the  flat  of  the  butt ;  let  fall  the  left  hand  by 
tlie  side. 

Shoulder — Arms. 

Raise  the  piece  by  extending  the  right  arm,  seize  it  with  the  left 
hand  above  the  lock,  carry  it  against  the  left  shoulder,  turning  the 
barrel  to  the  front,  the  right  hand  being  at  the  handle,  place  the  left 
hand  under  the  butt,  and  let  the  right  fall  iuiJ  its  position. 

Arms — At  will.     One  time  and  one  motion. 

Carry  the  piece  at  pleasure  on  either  shoulder,  or  with  one  or  both 
hands,  the  muzzle  always  up. 

Shoulder — Arms. 

Retake  smartly  the  position  of  shoidder  arms. 

Inspection  of  Arms. 

F  The  squad  being  at  ordered  arms,  and  having  the  bayonet  in  tlie 
scabbard,  if  the  instructor  wishes  to  cause  an  inspection  of  an^is, 
he  will  command : 

Inspection  of— -Arms.     One  time  and,  three  motions. 

First  motion.  Face  to  the  right  once  and  a  half  on  the  left  heel, 
carrying  the  right  foot  perpendicidarly  to  the  rear  of  the  alignment. 


21  MASl  Al.    1*>K    VOl.lSTEEK.S   AND   MII-ITIA. 

about  six  inches  from,  and  at  right  angles  with,  the  left  foot;  seize 
pronii)tly  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  a  little  above  the  middle  band, 
intMine  the  muzzle  to  the  rear  without  displacing  the  heel  of  the 
butt,  the  rammer  turned  towards  the  body,  carry  at  the  same  time 
the  ri.L'ht  hand  to  the  bayonet  and  seize  it  as  has  been  prescribed. 

Secoud  motion.  Draw  the  bayonet  from  the  scabbard,  carry  and 
fix  it  on  the  muzzle  ;  seize  next  the  rammer,  draw  it  as  has  been 
explained  in  londin.i,'  it  twelve  times,  nnd  let  it  glide  to  the  bottom 
of  the  bore. 

Third  motion.  Face  promptly  to  the  front,  seize  the  piece  with 
the  right  hand,  and  retake  the  position  of  ordered  arms. 

The  instructor  will  then  inspect  in  succession  the  piece  of  each 
man,  in  i)assing  along  the  front  of  the  rank.  Each,  as  the  instruc- 
tor reaches  him,  will  raise  smartly  his  piece  with  his  right  hand, 
sfize  it  with  the  left  between  the  tail-band  and  the  feather-spring, 
the  lock  to  the  front,  the  left  hand  at  the  height  of  the  chin,  the 
piece  opposite  to  tiie  left  eye ;  the  instructor  will  take  it  with  the 
right  hand  at  the  handle,  and,  after  inspecting  it,  will  return  it  to 
the  soldier,  who  will  receive  it  back  with  the  right  hand,  and  re- 
place it  in  the  position  of  ordered  arms. 

When  the  instructor  shall  have  passed  him,  each  soldier  will  re- 
take the  position  prescribed  at  the  command  ww^^ec^/oj?  of  a?-?)>,'?,  and 
return  the  rammer  ;  after  which  he  will  face  to  the  front. 

If,  instead  of  inspection  of  arms,  it  be  the  wish  of  the  instructor 
only  to  cause  bayoneVi  t«  be  fixed,  he  will  command  : 

Fix — Bayoxut. 

Take  the  position  indicated,  (first  motion,)  fix  bayonets  as  has 
been  explained,  and  immediately  face  to  the  front. 

Bayonets  fixed,  if  it  be  the  Avish  of  the  instr\ictor,  after  firing,  to  as- ' 
rertain  whether  tlif  pieces  have  beendischavged.  he  will  command: 

Spring — RAM\rEHs. 

Put  the  rumnu-r  in  tin;  l)arrel,  as  has  been  explained  above,  and  ; 
immediately  face  to  tlie  front.  J 

The  instructor,  for  the  purpose  stated,  can  take  the  rammer  by ' 
the  small  end,  and  spring  it  in  the  barrel,  or  cause  each  man  to  make  '■ 
the  rainmor  ring  in  the  barrel. 

F.nch  man.  after  tin-  instruftor  passes  him,  will  retm-n  rammer. 
jik)  lacf  In  tl)c  front,. 


SCHOOI,   OK   THK   SOLIULK.  25 

Annfi — Port.     One  time  and  one  motion. 

Throw  the  piece  diagonally  aci'oss  the  body,  the  lock  to  the  front, 
seize  it  smartly  at  the  same  instant  with  both  hands,  the  right  at  the 
handle,  the  left  at  the  tall-band,  the  two  thumbs  pointing  towards 
the  muzzle,  the  barrel  sloping  upwards  and  crossing  opposite  to  the 
point  of  the  left  shoulder,  the  butt  proportionally  lowered.  The 
palm  of  the  right  hand  will  be  above,  and  that  of  the  left  under  the 
piece,  the  nails  of  both  hands  next  to  the  body,  to  which  the  elbows 
will  be  closed. 

Shoulder — Arms.     One  time  and  two  motions. 

First  motion.  Bring  the  piece  smartly  to  the  left  shoulder,  plac- 
ing the  left  hand  under  the  butt. 

■Second  motion.     Drop  the  right  hand  smartly  by  the  side. 


MANUvVL    OF    ARMS    FOR    THE    RIFLE. 

Principles  of  Shouldered,  Arms. 

The  soldier  standing  in  the  position  of  the  soldier,  the  instructor 
causes  him  to  bend  the  right  arm  slightly,  and  places  the  piece  in  it, 
in  the  following  manner :  The  piece  in  the  right  hand — the  barrel 
nearly  vertical  and  resting  in  the  hollow  of  the  shoulder— the  guard 
to  the  front,  the  arm  hanging  nearly  at  its  full  length  near  the  body; 
tlie  thumb  and  fore-finger  eml) racing  the  guard,  the  remaining 
fingers  closed  together,  and  grasping  the  swell  of  tlie  stock  just 
under  the  cock,  which  rests  on  the  little  finger. 

Support — Arms.     One  time  and,  three  motiojis. 

First  motion.  Bring  the  piece,  with  the  right  hand,  perpendicu- 
larly to  the  front  and  between  the  eyes,  the  barrel  to  the  rear ;  seize 
the  piece  with  the  left  hand  at  the  lower  band,  raise  this  liand  as 
high  as  the  chin,  and  seize  the  piece  at  the  same  time  with  the  right 
liand  four  inches  below  the  cock. 

Second  motion.  Turn  the  piece  with  the  right  hand,  the  barrel 
to  the  front ;  carry  the  piece  to  the  left  shoulder,  and  pass  the  fore- 
arm extended  on  the  breast  between  the  right  hand  and  the  cock; 
support  the  cock  against  the  left  fore-arm,  the  left  hand  resting  on 
the  right  breast. 

Third  mofio)).     Drop  tlio  right  hand  by  the  side. 


'It)  iiA.M   Al.    Htl;    \Ul,lMKKK>    AN'i)    MII.ITIA. 

Shotikler—\\\y,i^.     One  tinie  and  three  motions. 

First  motion.  Grasi>  the  piece  with  tlie  rif^ht  hand  under  and 
against  the  left  fore-arm  ;  seize  it  with  the  left  hand  at  the  lower 
band,  the  thumb  extended  :  detach  the  piece  slijrhtly  from  the 
sliouldcr,  the  left  fore-arm  alon;^  the  stock. 

Second  motion.  Carry  the  piece  vertically  to  the  rijrht  shoulder 
with  both  hands,  the  rammer  to  the  front,  cliauge  tlie  position  of 
the  riglit  liand  so  as  to  enibrace  the  ;i;nard  with  the  thumb  and  fore- 
finger, slip  the  left  hand  to  the  height  of  the  shoulder,  the  finger* 
extended  and  joined,  the  right  arm  nearly  straight. 

Third  motion.     Drop  the  left  hand  quickly  by  the  side. 

Present — Arms,     (hie  time  and  tn'0  motions. 

First  motion.  With  the  right  hand  bring  the  piece  erect  before 
the  centre  of  the  body,  the  rammer  to  the  front;  at  the  same  time 
seize  the  piece  with  the  left  liaud  half-way  between  the  guide  sight 
and  lower  baud,  the  thumb  extended  along  the  barrel  and  against 
the  stock,  the  fore-arm  horizontal  and  resting  against  the  body,  the 
hand  as  high  as  the  elbow. 

Second  motion.  Grasp  the  small  of  the  stock  with  the  right  hand 
below  and  against  the  guard. 

Shoulder — Arms,     One  time  and  two  motions. 

First  motion.  Bring  the  piece  to  the  right  shoulder,  at  the  same 
time  change  the  position  of  the  right  hand  so  as  to  embrace  the 
guard  with  the  thumb  and  fore-finger,  slip  up  the  left  hand  to  the 
height  of  the  shouldei-.  the  lingers  extended  and  joined,  the  right 
arm  nearly  straight. 

Second  mot/on.     Drop  the  left  hand  cpiickly  by  the  side. 

O/y/cv— Akms.     One  time  and  two  nvMons. 

First  motio)i.  Seize  the  piece  briskly  with  the  left  hand  near  the 
upper  band,  and  detach  it  slightly  from  the  shoulder  with  the  right 
hand;  loosen  the  grasp  of  the  right  hand,  lower  the  piece  with  the 
left,  re-seize  the  piece  with  the  right  hand  above  the  lower  band, I 
the  little  linger  in  rear  of  the  barrel,  the  butt  about  four  inches  from 
the  ground,  the  right  hand  supported  against  the  hip,  drop  the  left 
Ijand  by  the  side. 

Seoond  mofinn.     Let  the  i>iece  slip  tluougli  the  right  hand  to  tht 


KiHOOl,    (»J-    TllK    SOI. Ill  KK.  '27 

ground  by  opening  sliglitly  tlie  lingers,  inul  take  the  pusition  about 
to  be  described. 

Foiiitit>n  of  order  arms. 

•  The  hand  low,  the  barrel  between  the  thumb  and  fore-tiuger  ex- 
tended along  the  stock  ;  the  other  fingers  extended  and  jomed;  the 
muzzle  about  two  inches  from  the  right  shoulder ;  the  rammer  in 
front ;  the  toe  (or  beak)  of  the  butt,  against,  and  in  a  line  Avith,  the 
toe  of  the  right  foot,  the  barrel  perpendicular. 

Shoulder — Arms.     One  time  and  two  motions. 

First  nwti<m.  Raise  the  piece  vertically  with  the  right  hand  in 
the  height  of  the  right  breast,  and  opposite  the  shoulder,  the  elbow 
close  to  the  body ;  seize  the  ])iece  with  the  left  hand  below  the 
right,  and  drop  quickly  the  right  hand  to  grasp  the  piece  at  the 
swell  of  the  stock,  the  thumb  and  fore-finger  embracing  the  guard  ; 
press  the  piece  against  the  shoulder  with  the  left  hand,  the  right 
arm  nearly  straight. 

Stroud  motion.     T)ro])  the  left  hand  quickly  by  the  side. 

Load  in  nine  times. 
1.  Load.*     One  time  and  one  motion. 

(irasp  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  as  high  as  the  right  elbow,  and 
bring  it  vertically  opposite  the  middle  of  the  body,  shift  the  right 
hand  to  the  upper  band,  place  the  butt  between  the  feet,  the  barrel 
to  the  front;  seize  it  with  the  left  hand  near  the  muzzle,  Avhich 
should  be  three  inches  from  the  body  :  cayy  the  right  hand  to  the 
cartridge  box. 

2.  Handle — Caktridgk.     One  time  and  one  motion. 

Seize  the  cartridge  with  the  thumb  and  next  two  fingers,  and 
phicc  it  between  the  teeth. 

;}.   Tear — Cartridgk.      One  time  and  one  motion. 

i  far  the  paper  to  the  powder,  hold  the  cartridge  upright  between 
tlie  thumb  and  first  two  fingers,  near  the  top  ;  in  this  position  place 
it  in  I'ront  of  and  near  the  muzzle  ;  the  back  of  the  hand  to  the  front. 

'Whenever  the  loadings  and  firings  are  to  be  executed,  the  instructor 
will  cause  the  cartridge  boxes  to  be  brought  to  the  front. 


'IH  MANUAL    KOK    VOLfNTEKKs;    ANU   MIMIIA. 

4.  C'/wtrye— Cartkidgk.     One  fime  a  til  one  viotiun. 

Empty  the  powder  into  the  barrel ;  disengage  the  ball  IVom  the 
pajier  with  the  right  hand  and  the  tluunb  and  first  two  fingers  of  the 
left;  insert  it  into  the  bore,  the  pointed  end  npperniost.  and  press, 
it  down  with  the  riglit  thumb  ;  seize  the  hcail  of  the  rammer  with 
the  thumb  and  fore-finger  of  the  right  hand,  the  other  lingers  closed, 
the  elbows  near  the  body, 

.").  Ih-air — Rammkk.     One  that  and  three  motions. 

Fird  7notU)n.  Half  draw  the  rammer  by  extending  the  right 
arm  ;  steady  it  in  this  jjosition  with  the  left  thumb  :  grasp  the  ram- 
mer near  the  muzzle  with  the  right  hand,  the  little  finger  upper- 
most, the  nails  to  the  front,  the  thumb  extended  along  the  rammer. 

Sei'ond  motion.  Clear  the  rammer  from  the  i)ipes  by  again  ex- 
tending the  arm ;  the  rammer  in  the  prolongation  of  the  pipes. 

Third  motion.  Turn  the  rammer,  the  little  end  of  the  rammer 
l)assing  near  the  left  shoulder ;  place  the  head  of  the  rammer  on 
the  ball,  the  back  of  the  hand  to  the  front. 

C.  liain — Caktridue.  One  time  and  one  motion. 
Insert  the  rammer  as  far  as  the  right,  and  steady  it  in  this  posi- 
tion with  the  thumb  of  the  left  hand  ;  seize  the  rammer  at  the  small 
end  with  the  thumb  and  fore-finger  of  the  right  hand,  the  back  of 
the  liiiiiil  to  tlie  front;  press  the  ball  home,  the  elbows  near  the 
iMKiy. 

7.  Juturn — liAMMiiu.      One  time  and  three  motions. 

Flrd  motion.  Draw  tiie  rammer  half  way  out,  and  steady  it  in 
this  position  with  the  left  thumb  ;  grasp  it  near  the  muzzle  with  the 
right  hand,  the  little  finger  uppermost,  the  nails  to  the  front,  the 
thumb  along  the  rammer  ;  clear  the  rammer  from  the  bore  by  ex- 
tending tile  arm,  tlie  nails  to  the  front,  the  rammer  in  the  prolonga- 
tion of  the  bore. 

Second  motion.  'Www.  the  rannuer,  the  head  of  the  rauimer  pass- 
ing near  the  left  shoulder,  and  insert  it  in  the  pi[)es  until  the  right 
hand  reaches  the  muzzle,  the  nails  to  the  front. 

Third  motion.     Force  the  rammer  home  by  placing  the   little  I 
linger  of  the  right  hand  on  the  head  of  the  rammer ;  pass  the  left 
hand  down  the  barrel  to  the  extent  of  the  arm,  without  depressing  j 
the  shoulder.  f 


SC'llOOl-    OK    THK    .^Ol.llIKi;.  '-"' 

8.  Prime.     One  time  and  fAoo  inotiontf. 

First  motion.  With  the  left  Iiaiul  raiVe  the  piece  till  tiie  liaiul  is 
as  high  as  the  eye  ;  grasp  the  small  of  the  stock  with  the  right  hand : 
half  face  to  the  right ;  place,  at  the  same  time,  the  right  foot  bchiml 
and  at  right  angles  with  the  left ;  the  hollow  of  the  right  foot  against 
the  left  heel.  Slip  the  left  hand  down  to  the  lower  band,  the  thumb 
along  the  stock,  the  left  elbow  against  the  body  :  bring  the  piece  to 
the  right  side,  the  butt  below  the  right  fore-arm— the  small  of  the 
stock  against  the  body  and  two  inches  below  the  right  breast,  the 
barrel  upwards,  the  muz/^le  on  a  level  with  the  eye. 

Sacond  motion.  Half  cock  with  the  thumb  of  the  right  hand,  the 
fingers  supported  against  the  guard  and  the  small  of  the  stock- 
remove  the  old  cap  with  one  of  the  fingers  of  the  right  hand,  and 
with  the  thumb  and'  fore-finger  of  the  same  hand  take  a  cap  from 
the  pouch,  place  it  on  the  nipple,  and  press  it  down  with  the  thumb: 
seize  the  small  of  the  stock  with  the  right  hand. 

9.  Shoiddei' — Arms.     One  linie  ami  tiro  motiinf. 

First  motion.  Bring  the  piece  to  the  right  shoulder,  and  su})- 
port  it  there  with  the  left  hand,  face  to  the  front ;  bring  the  right 
heel  to  the  side  of  and  on  a  line  with  the  left ;  grasp  the  piece  with 
the  right  hand  as  indicated  in  the  ])Ositiou  of  sJioitlder  arm.i. 

Second,  motion.     Drop  the  left  hand  quickly  by  the  side. 

Rk  vdy.     One  time  and  three  motions. 

First  motion.  Raise  the  piece  slightly  with  the  right  hand,  mak- 
ing a  half  face  to  the  right  on  the  left  heel ;  carry  the  right  foot  to 
the  rear,  and  place  it  at  right  angles  to' the  leit,  the  hollow  of  it  op- 
posite to,  and  against  the  left  heel;  grasp  the  piece  with  the  left 
hand  at  the  lower  band  and  detach  it  slightly  from  the  shoulder. 

Second  motion.  Bring  down  the  piece  with  both  hands,  the  bar- 
rel upwards,  the  left  thumb  extended  along  the  stock,  the  butt  be- 
low the  right  fore-arm,  the  small  of  the  stock  against  the  body  and 
two  inches  below  the  right  breast,  the  muzzle  as  high  as  the  eye, 
the  left  elbow  against  the  side  ;  place,  at  the  same  time,  the  right 
thumb  on  the  liead  of  the  cock,  tlie  other  fingers  uuder  and  against 
the  guard. 

Third'  motion.  Cock  and  seize  the  piece  at  the  small  of  the  stock 
without  deranging  the  position  of  the  butt. 


vixMAl.    i.ii;    VCU.rNTBKKS    AM)    MII.ITIA. 

Aim. 
As  ill  the  manual  for  tlu-  niujiket. 

A>  ill  tlie  JiiJimial  for  tlu-  imiskct. 

Load.     One  time  a/id  one  motion. 

Hriiig  (i(»\vii  tlie  picrc  with  both  hands,  at  the  same  time  face  to 
tlie-front  and  take  the  jiosition  of  food.  Each  rear  rank  man  will 
Iniiig  his  riglit  foot  by  tlu'  side  of  the  left. 

The  men  heinp  in  this  position,  the  instructor  will  cause  the  load- 
ing to  be  continued  by  the  commands  as  before. 

Shoiihhf — .Vkms.     One  time  and  one  motion. 

Throw  u|»  the  i)iece  briskly  with  the  left  hand  and  resume  the 
l)ositioii  of  nhjiihhr  armj>,  at  the  same  time  face  to  the  front,  turu- 
iiig  on  the  left  heel,  and  bring  the  right  heel  on  a  line  with  the  left. 

Rtfocer — Akms. 

The  siuiif  ys  in  the  manual  for  the  musket. 

Tlie  soldiers  being  in  the  position  of  the  third  motion  of  n'<tdy. 
if  the  instructor  should  wish  to  bring  them  to  a  shoulder,  he  will 
cojnmand : 

ISliouldei- — Akms.     One  tinu  and  one  motion. 

\i  the  command  shoulder,  place  the  thumb  upon  the  cock,  the 
fore-finger  on  the  trigger,  half-cock,  and  seize  the  small  of  the  stock 
with  the  right  hand.  At  the  command  arms,  bring  up  the  piece 
briskly  to  the  rightshonlder,  and  retake  the  position  of  shoulder  arms. 

The  recruits  being  at  shoulder  arms,  when  the  instructor  shall 
wish  to  fix  bayonets,  he  will  command  : 

/V.c— Hayonkt.     One  time  (Uid  three  mutlon.s. 

First  motion.  (Jrasp  the  piece  witii  tiie  left  hand  at  the  lieight 
of  the  shoulder,  and  detach  it  slightly  from  the  shoulder  witii  the 
rigiit  hand. 

Second  motion,  (^uit  the  piece  with  the  right  liand,  lower  it  witli 
the  left  hand,  opposite  the  middle  of  the  body,  and  place  the  butt 
between  the  feet  without  shock  ;  the  rammer  to  the  rear,  the  barrel 
vertical,  the  muzzle  three  inches  from  thcbodv:  seize  it  with  the 


sciioui.  Of  rnK  soi.oiKK.  :{1 

light  hand  at  the  upper  band,  and  carry  the  left  hand  re\ eised  to 
the  handle  of  the  sabre-bayonet. 

ThirO.  motion.  Draw  the  sabre-bayonet  from  the  scabbard  and 
fix  it  on  the  extremity  of  the  barrel ;  seize  the  piece  witli  the  left 
hand,  the  arm  extended,  the  right  hand  at  the  upper  band. 

Shovlder — Akms.     One  time  and  tv)o  motions. 

First  motion.  Raise  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  and  place  it 
against  the  right  shoulder,  the  rammer  to  the  front;  seize  the  i)ifece 
at  the  same  time  with  the  right  hand  at  the  swell  of  the  stock,  the 
thumb  and  fore-ftnger  cjubracing  the  guard,  the  right  arm  nearly 
extended. 

Second  motion.    Drop  briskly  the  left  hand  by  the  side. 

('/targe — Bayonei".     One  time  and  tico  motions. 

First  motion.  Raise  the  piece  slightly  with  the  right  hand  and 
make  a  half  face  to  the  right  on  the  left  heel ;  i)lace  the  hollow  of 
the  right  loot  opposite  to,  and  three  inches  from  the  left  heel,  the 
feet  square  ;  seize  the  piece  at  the  same  time  with  the  left  hand  a 
little  above  the  loAver  band. 

Second  motion.  Bring  down  the  piece  with  both  hands,  the 
barrel  uppermost,  the  left  elbow  against  the  body  ;  seize  the  small 
of  the  stock,  at  the  same  time,  with  the  right  hand,  which  will  be 
supported  against  the  hip;  the  jjoint  of  the  sabre-bayonet  as  high 
as  the  eye. 

Shoulder — Arms.     One  time  and  two  motions. 

First  motion.  Throw  up  the  piece  briskly  with  the  left  hand  in 
facing  to  the  front,  place  it  against  the  right  shoulder,  the  rammer 
to  the  front;  turn  the  right  hand  so  as  to  embrace  the  guard,  slide 
the  left  hand  to  the  height  of  the  shouldei-,  the  right  hand  nearly 
extended. 

Second  motion.    Drop  the  left  hand  smartly  by  the  side. 

Trail — Arms.     One  time  and  two  motions. 

First  motion.    The  same  as  the  first  motion  of  order  arms. 

Second  motion.  Incline  the  muzzle  slightly  to  the  front,  the  butt 
10  the  rear  and  about  four  iuches  from  the  ground.  The  riglit  hand 
.supported  at  the  hip,  will  so  hold  the  piece  that  the  rear  rank  men 
mav  not  touch  with  their  l»ovonct^  the  men  in  the  front  rank. 


:\2  M  vM    U.    10|{    V(»l.t  NTKKKS    AN1»   .MII.IilA. 

At  tlie  roininaiul  shonhler,  raise  tlie  pieco  perpendicularly  in  the 
right  hand,  the  little  (in.orer  in  the  rear  of  the  barrel:  at  the  com- 
mand arms,  execute  wliat  has  been  ])resrrilted  for  the  sliOKhler 
from  the  position  of  order  amis. 

Unfix — Bayonkt.     One  time  and  three  rnotioim. 

First  and  second  motions.  The  same  as  the  first  and  secoiul  mo- 
tions of  fix  bai/onet,  except  that,  at  the  end  of  the  second  command, 
the  thumb  of  the  ri.trht  hand  will  be  placed  on  the  spring  of  the 
sabre-bayonet,  and  the  left  hand  will  embrace  the  handle  of  the 
sabre-bayonet  and  the  barrel,  the  thumb  extended  along  the  blade. 

Ihird  motion.  Press  the  thumb  of  the  right  hand  on  the  spring, 
wrest  off  the  sabre-bayonet,  tmn  it  to  the  right,  tlie  edge  to  the 
front,  lower  the  guard  ui\til  it  touches  the  right  hand,  which  will 
seize  the  back  and  the  edge  of  the  l)lade  between  the  thumb  and 
first  two  fingers,  the  other  fingers  holding  the  piece  ;  change  the 
jiosition  of  the  hand  witlu)ut  (juitting  the  handle,  return  the  sabre- 
bayonet  to  the  scaltbaiil.  and  sci/c  the  pii'ce  with  tlie  left  liand.  the 
arm  extended. 

Shon/dcr — Akms.     ('hie  time  and  liro  mo/ions. 

Fir.<it  motion.    The  same  as  the  first  motion  from  fix  bayonet. 
Seao'nd  motion.    The  same  as  the  se(?ond  motion  from  fix  hai/onet. 

Secure — Ak.ms.     One  time  and  three  motions. 

First  motion.  The  same  as  the  first  motion  of  support  arms,  ex 
cept  with  the  right  hand  seize  the  i)iece  at  the  small  of  the  stock. 

Second  motio7i.  Turn  the  piece  with  both  hands,  the  barrel  to 
the  front ;  bring  it  opposite  the  left  shoulder,  the  butt  against  the 
hip,  the  left  hand  at  the  lower  band,  the  thumb  as  high  as  the  chin 
and  extended  on  the  rammer ;  the  piece  erect  and  detached  from 
the  shoulder,  the  left  fore-arm  again.st  the  piece. 

Third  motion.  Reverse  the  piece,  i)ass  it  under  the  left  arm,  tlie 
left  hand  remaining  at  the  lower  band,  the  thumli  on  the  rammer  to 
prevent  it  from  sliding  out,  the  little  finger  resting  against  the  hip, 
the  right  hand  falling  at  the  same  time  by  the  side. 

Shoidder — Ahms.     One  time  and  three  motions. 

/•7/-S/  niotiou.     T?aiso  llic  pjccf  with  tli(>  loft   hand    and   soi/e   it 


k  SCHOOI,    OF   THE   SOLDIER.  Jo 

With  the  right  hand  at  the  small  of  the  stock.  The  piece  erect  and 
detached  from  the  shoulder,  the  butt  against  the  hip,  the  left  fore- 
arm along  the  piece. 

Second  motion.  The  same  as  the  second  motion  of  shordder  arms 
from  a  support. 

Third  motion.  The  same  as  the  third  motion  of  shoidder  arms 
from  a  support. 

Right  shoidder  shift— Av.yi».     One  time  and  two  motions. 

First  motion.  Detach  the  piece  perpendicularly  from  the  shoul- 
der with  the  right  hand,  and  seize  it  with  the  left  between  the  lower 
band  and  guide-sight,  raise  the  piece,  the  left  hand  at  the  height  of 
the  shoulder  and  four  inches  from  it;  place,  at  the  same  time,  the 
right  hand  on  the  butt,  the  beak  between  the  first  two  fingers,  the 
other  two  fingers  under  the  butt  plate. 

Second  motion.  Quit  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  raise  and  place 
the  piece  on  the  right  shoulder  with  the  right  hand,  the  lock  plate 
upwards :  let  fall,  at  the  same  time,  the  left  hand  by  the  side. 

Shonhler — Arms.     O^ie  time  and  tico  motions. 

Fir.<it  motion.  Raise  the  piece  perpendicularly  by  extending  the 
right  arm  to  its  full  length,  the  rammer  to  the  front,  at  the  same 
time  seize  the  piece  ^n  ith  the  left  hand  between  the  lo^er  band  and 
guide-sight. 

Second  motion.  Quit  the  butt  with  the  right  hand,  which  will 
immediately  embrace  the  guard,  lower  the  piece  to  the  position  of 
shoulder  arms,  slide  up  the  left  hand  to  the  height  of  the  shoulder, 
the  fingers  extended  and  closed.     Drop  the  left  hand  b}'  the  side. 

The  men  being  at  support  arms,  the  instructor  will  sometimes 
cause  pieces  to  be  brought  to  the  right  shoulder.  To  this  effect, 
lie  will  command: 

Right  shoulder  shift — Arms,     One  time  and  two  motions. 

First  motion.  Seize  the  piece  with  the  right  hand,  below  and 
near  the  left  fore-arm,  place  the  left  hand  under  the  butt,  the  heel 
of  the  butt  between  the  first  two  fingers. 

Second  ^notion.  Turn  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  the  lock-plate 
upwards,  carry  it  to  the  right  shoulder,  the  left  hand  still  holding 
the  butt,  the  muzzle  elevated;  hold  the  piece  in  this  position  and 
place  the  right  hand  upon  the  butt,  and  let  fall  the  left  hand  by  the 
side. 


■  U  MANTAL    I-OIJ    ViM.l'NTKKKS   AND    MILITIA. 

Siippnrt — Akms.     One  tt me  anil  tiro  motlmiK. 

First  rnotioh.     The  same  as  the  first  motion  of  sliotihler  onnx. 

Second  motion.  Turn  the  piece  witli  both  liands.  tlie  liarrcl  t(t 
the  front,  carry  it  opjjosite  tlie  left  shouhlcr,  slij)  the  right  han»l  to 
the  small  of  the  stock,  place  the  left  fore-arm  extended  on  the 
breast,  and  let  fall  the  ri^ht  hand  l»y  the  side. 

.l^v/».s"     At  NN'ii,!..     (hte  timv  (tn(.l  one  nuitini. 

At  this  eonnnand,  carry  the  piece  at  pleasure  on  eitlu'i-  shoulder, 
with  one  or  hoth  hands,  the  muzzle  elevated. 

S/innlilrr  -\nM^.     One  time  and  om'  motion. 
At  this  eoimuand.  retake  (Hiickly  the  iiosition  of  sliouhler  arms. 

!iiii(M'rtinn  nf   Anns. 

The  soldieis  heini;-  at  ordered  arms,  and  ha\  iiiu  tlie  sal^e-hayonet 
in  the  scabbard,  il'  the  instructor  wishes  to  cause  an  insjtection  of 
arms,  he  will  comnutnd: 

fnsi)egtio)i — A  U.MS.     One  time  and  tn-<>  motiona. 

First  inotion.  Seize  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  below  and  near 
tlie  upper  band,  carry  it  with  l)oth  hands  opposite  the  middle  of  the 
Itody,  the  butt  betMcen  the  feet,  the  rammer  to  the  rear,  the  barrel 
vertical,  the  muzzle  about  three  inches  from  the  body;  carry  the 
left  hand  reversed  to  the  sabre-bayonet,  draw  it  from  the  scabbard 
and  fix  it  on  the  barrel :  grasp  the  piece  Avitli  the  left  hand  below 
and  near  the  upper  band,  seize  the  rammer  with  the  thumb  and 
fore-finger  of  the  right  iiand  1)ent.  the  other  lingers  dosed. 

Second  nioiion.  Draw  the  nrnnner  as  has  Iteen  explained  mload- 
ing,  and  let  it  glide  to  the  bottom  of  the  bore,  rejtlace  the  i)iece  with 
the  left  hand  opjiosite  the  right  shoulder,  and  retake  the  position  of 
ordered,  arm.'i. 

The  instructor  will  then  ius]iect  in  succession  the  piece  of  eaidi 
man,  in  passing  along  the  fr(nit  of  the  rank.  Each,  as  the  instructor 
I'eaches  him,  will  rais(»  smartly  his  ])iece  with  his  right  hand,  seize 
it  with  the  left  between  the  lower  band  and  guide  sight,  the  lock  to 
the  front,  the  left  hand  at  the  height  of  the  chin,  the  piece  opposite 
to  the  left  eye  ;  the  instructor  will  take  it  with  the  right  hand  at 
the  handle,  and.  after  inspecting  it.  will  return   it  to  the  man.  who 


?!CHOOI,    OK   THl';    SOLPIKK.  o5 

will  receive  it  back  with  the  right  hand,  and  rephice  it  iii  tlie  pui^i- 
tion  of  ordered  arms. 

Wlien  the  instructor  shall  have  pas-^ed  him,  each  soldier  will  retake 
the  position  prescribed  at  the  command  inspection  arms,  return  the 
lammer,  and  resume  the  position  of  ordered  arms. 

If,  instead  of  inspection  of  arms,  the  instructor  shoidd  merely 
wish  to  cause  ba,vonets  to  be  fixed,  he  will  command  : 

Fix— HXYOSKT. 

Take  the  position  indicated  above,  fix  bayonets  as  has  been  cx- 
plr^ined,  and  inmiediately  resume  the  position  of  ordered  arms. 

If  it  be  the  wish  of  the  instructor,  after  firing,  to  ascertain  whether 
the  pieces  have  been  discharged,  he  will  command  : 

.Spring — ^Ram.mk}:s. 

This  is  done  as  in  the  manual  for  the  nuisket. 

To  load  in  four  times. 

The  first  time  will  be  executed  at  the  end  of  the  command ;  the 
three  others  at  the  commands,  two,  three,  and/o»<r. 
The  instructor  will  command  : 

1.  Load  in  four  times.    2.  Lo.vn.  • 

Execute  the  times  to  include  charge  cartridge. 

Two. 

Execute  the  times  to  include  ram  cartridge. 

Thrp:k. 

Execute  the  times  to  include  prime. 

FOUH. 

ExecHite  the  time  of  .shoulder  arms. 

To  load  at  will. 

The  instructor  will  next  teach  loading  at  will,  which  will  be  exe- 
cuted as  loading  in  four  times,  but  continued,  and  without  resting 
on  either  of  the  times.     He  will  command  : 

1.  Load  at  will.    2.  Load. 

'Ihe  instructor  will  habituate  the  soldiers,  by  degrees,  tu  load  with 


30  MANLAL    tOK   VOLUMEERJs    ANU   MlLIllA. 

the  greatest  possible  promptitude,  each  without  regulating  himself 
by  his  neighbor,  and  above  all  without  waiting  for  him. 

Firings. 

.The  firings  are  direct  or  oblique,  and  will  bo  executed  as 
follows  : 

The  direct  Jire. 

The  instructor  will  give  the  following  conunands  : 

1.    Fire  hi/  s<]uafl.      2.    S<]uad.      3.    Rkaoy.      4.    Aim.      .i.  Fikk. 
6.  Load. 

These  several  commands  Avill  be  executed  as  has  been  prescribed 
in  the  Manual  of  2irms.  At  the  third  command,  the  men  will  come 
to  the  position  of  ready  as  heretofore  explained.  At  the  fourth 
they  will  aim  according  to  the  rank  in  which  each  may  find  himself 
placed,  the  rear  rank  men  inclining  forward  a  little  the  upper  part 
of  the  body,  in  order  that  their  pieces  may  reach  as  much  beyond 
the  front  rank  as  possible. 

At  the  sixth  command,  they  will  load  their  pieces,  and  return 
imilediately  to  the  position  of  ready. 

The  instructor  will  recommence  the  firing  by  the  commands : 

1.  Squad.    2.  Aim.    3.  Fiuk.    4.  Load. 

When  the  instructor  wishes  the  firing  to  cease,  he  will  command  : 

Cease  firing. 

At  this  command  the  men  will  cease  firing,  but  will  load  their 
pieces  if  unloaded,  and  afterwards  bring  them  to  a  shoulder. 

Oblique  Firing. 

The  oblique  firngs  will  be  executed  to  the  right  and  left,  and  by 
the  same  commands  as  the  direct  fire,  with  this  single  difference — 
the  coraiiiand  aim  will  always  be  preceded  by  the  caution,  Hght  or 
left  oblique. 

Position  of  the  two  7'anks  in  the  Oblique  Fire  to  the  right. 

At  the  command  ready,  the  two  ranks  will  execute  what  has  been 
prescribed  for  the  direct  fire. 
At  tho  cautionary  command,  right  oblique,  the  two  ranks  will 


SCHOOL   OF   THK   SOLUIEK.  '.,  i 

throw  back  the  right  shoulder  aucl  look  steadily  at  the  object  to 
be  hit. 

At  the  command  aim,  each  front  rank  man  will  aim  to  the  right 
without  deranging  the  feet ;  each  rear  rank  man  Avill  advance  the 
left  foot  about  eight  inches  towards  the  right  heel  of  {lie  man  next 
on  the  right  of  his  file  leader  and  aim  to  the  riglit,  inclining  the 
upper  part  of  the  body  forward  and  bending  a  little  the  left  knee. 

Position  of  the  two  ranks  in  the  Oblique  Fire  to  the  left. 

At  the  cautionary  command,  left  oblique,  the  two  ranks  will 
throw  back  the  left  shoulder  and  look  steadily  at  the  object  to 
be  hit. 

At  the  command  am,  the  front  rank  will  take  aim  to  the  left 
without  deranging  the  feet;  each  man  in  the  rear  rank  will  advance 
the  right  foot  about  eight  inches  towards  the  right  heel  of  the  man 
next  on  the  right  of  his  file  leader,  and  aim  to  the  left,  inclining 
the  upper  part  of  the  body  forward  and  bending  a  little  the  riglit 
knee. 

In  both  cases,  at  the  command  load,  the  men  of  each  rank  will 
come  to  the  position  of  load  as  prescribed  in  the  direct  fire ;  the  rear 
rank  men  bringing  back  the  foot  which  is  to  the  right  and  front  by 
the  side  of  the  other.    Each  man  will  continue  to  load  as  if  isolated. 

To  fire  by  File. 

The  fire  by  file  will  be  executed  by  the  two  rauks,  the  files  of 
which  will  fire  successively,  and  without  regulating  on  each  other, 
except  for  the  first  fire. 

The  instructor  will  command  : 

1.  Fire  by  file.    2.  Squad.    3.  Ready.    4.  Commence  firing. 

At  the  third  command,  the  two  ranks  will  take  the  position  pre- 
scribed in  the  direct  fire. 

At  the  fourth  command,  the  file  on  the  right  will  aim  and  fire  ; 
the  rear  rank  man  in  aiming  will  take  the  position  indicated  in  Aim, 
page  19. 

The  men  of  this  file  will  load  their  pieces  briskly  and  fire  a  second 
time ;  reload  and  fire  again,  and  so  on  in  continuation. 

The  second  file  will  aim,  at  the  instant  the  first  brings  down  pieces 
to  reload,  and  will  conform  in  all  respects  to  that  which  has  just 
been  prescribed  for  the  first  file. 


•)N  MAM  AL    KOK    VUl.lMKKKS    AM)    .Mll.lTIA. 

After  the  tirst  fire,  the  front  and  roar  rank  iiu'u  will  iiDt  be  re- 
ijuired  to  fire  at  the  same  time. 

?]ach  man,  after  loading,  will  return  to  the  position  of  ready  and 
continue  the  fire. 

When  the  instructor  wishes  the  fire  to  cease,  he  will  coniuiand  : 

Cease— ViRi^fi. 

At  this  couiuiaiid  the  men  will  cease  firin.u.  Jf  they  have  fired 
they  will  load  their  pieces  and  bring  them  to  a  shoulder;  if  at  the 
position  of  ready,  they  will  half-ccck  and  shoulder  arms.  If  in  the 
position  of  aim,  they  will  bring  down  their  pieces,  hall-cock,  and 
shoulder  arms. 

To  fire  In/  Uank. 

The  fire  by  rank  will  be  executed  by  each  entire  lank,  alter- 
nately. 

The  instructor  will  comuuuid  : 

1.  Fire  by  rank.    2.  Squad.    3.  Ready.    4.  J^ear  rank.    .5.  Aim. 
,  (J.  Fire.    7.  Load. 

At  the  tliird  command,  the  two  ranks  will  take  the  position  of 
ready,  as  prescribed  in  the  direct  fire. 

At  the  seventh  command,  the  rear  rank  will  execute  that  which 
has  been  prescribed  in  the  direct  fire,  and  afterwards  take  the  posi- 
tion of  ready. 

As  soon  as  the  instructor  sees  several  men  ol'  the  rear  rank  in  the 
position  of  ready,  he  will  command  : 

1.  Front  rank.     2.  Aim.     ;{.  Fikk.     1.  Ijoad. 

At  these  commands,  the  men  in  the  from  rank  will  execute  what 
lias  been  prescribed  for  the  rear  rank,  but  they  will  not  step  off' 
with  the  right  foot. 

The  instructor  will  recommence  the  firing  by  the  rear  rank,  and 
will  tlius  continue  to  alternate  from  rank  to  rank,  until  he  shall 
wish  the  firing  to  cease,  when  he  will  conm\i\in\,  cease  firing,  whichj 
will  be  executed  as  heretofore  prescribed. 

To  fire  and  load  Kneeling. 
In  this  exercise  the  scpiad  will  be  supposed  U)aded  and  drawn  wp 


S(!HOOL    OF    TllK    SOLDIKR.  'A'.l 

in  one  rank.     The  instruction  will  be  given  to  each  man  individually, 
without  times  or  motions,  and  in  the  followinp.'  manner. 

The  instructor  will  command  : 

Fire  axd  loat)  Kneeling. 

At  this  command,  the  man  on  the  riglit  of  the  squad  will  move 
forward  three  paces  and  halt ;  then  carry  the  right  foot  to  the  rear 
and  to  the  right  of  the  left  heel,  and  in  a  position  convenient  for 
placing  the  right  knee  upon  the  ground  in  bending  the  left  leg  ; 
place  the  right  knee  upon  the  ground  ;  lower  the  piece,  the  left 
fore-arm  snp])orted  upon  the  thigh  on  the  same  side,  the  right  hand 
on  the  small  of  the  stock,  the  butt  resting  on  the  right  thigh,  the 
left  hand  supporting  the  piece  near  the  lower  band. 

He  will  next  move  the  right  leg  to  the  left  around  the  knee  sup- 
ported on  the  ground,  until  this  leg  is  nearly  perpendicular  to  the 
direction  of  the  left  foot,  and  thus  seat  himself  comfortably  on  the 
right  heel. 

Raise  the  piece  with  the  right  hand  and  support  it  with  the  left, 
holding  it  near  the  lower  band,  the  left  elbow  resting  on  the  left 
thigh  near  the  knee  ;  seize  the  hammer  with  the  thumb,  the  fore- 
linger  under  the  guard,  cock  and  seize  the  piece  at  the  small  of  the 
stock ;  bring  the  piece  to  the  shoulder,  aim  am}  fire. 

Bring  the  piece  down  as  soon  as  it  is  fired,  and  support  it  with 
tlie  left  hand,  the  butt  resting  against  the  right  thigh  ;  carry  the 
piece  to  the  rear  rising  on  the  knee,  the  barrel  downwards,  the 
butt  resting  on  the  ground  ;  in  this  position  support  the  piece  with 
the  left  hand  at  the  upper  band,  draw  cartridge  with  the  right  and 
load  the  piece,  ramming  the  ball  if  necessary  with  both  hands. 

When  loaded  bring  the  piece  to  the  front  with  the  left  hand, 
which  holds  it  at  the  upi)er  band  ;  seize  it  at  the  same  time  with 
the  right  hand  at  the  small  of  the  stock  ;  turn  the  piece,  the  barrel 
uppermost  and  nearly  horizontal,  the  left  elbow  resting  on  the  left 
thigh ;  half-cock,  remove  the  old  cap  and  prime,  rise,  and  return  to 
the  ranks. 

The  second  man  will  then  be  taught  what  has  jnst  been  prescribed 
for  the  first,  and  so  on  through  the  remainder  of  the  squad. 

To  fire  and  load  lying. 
In  this  exercise  the  squad  will  be  in  one  rank  and  loaded ;  the 
instruction  will  be   given   individually   and   without   times  or  mo- 
tions. 


4'»  VAM'AI.    FOK    VOLrNTKKR:«    ANT)   MILITIA. 

The  iiistrnrtor  will  command  : 

Fire  and  load  i,yi.v(;. 

At  this  command,  the  man  on  the  right  of  the  sqnad  will  move 
lorward  three  paces  and  halt;  he  will  then  bring  his  piece  to  an 
order,  drop  on  both  knees,  and  j)lace  himself  on  the  ground  flat  on 
iiis  lielly.  In  this  position  he  will  support  the  piece  uearl}'  hori- 
zontal with  the  left  hand,  holding  it  near  the  lower  band,  the  butt 
end  of  the  piece  and  the  left  elbow  resting  on  the  ground,  the  bar- 
rel uppermost :  cock  the  jjiece  with  the  right  hand,  and  carry  this 
hand  to  the  small  of  the  stock  ;  raise  the  piece  with  both  hands, 
press  the  butt  against  the  shouldor.  and  resting  on  both  elbows, 
air/i  and_/??v;. 

As  soon  as  he  has  fired,  bring  the  jiiece  down  and  turn  upon  his 
left  side,  still  resting  on  his  left  elbow  :  bring  back  the  piece  until 
the  cock  is  opposite  his  breast,  the  butt  end  resting  on  the  ground  ; 
take  out  a  cartridge  with  the  right  hand  ;  seize  the  small  of  the 
stock  with  this  hand,  holding  the  cartridge  with  the  thumb  and  two 
lirst  fingers ;  he  will  then  throw  himself  on  his  back,  still  liolding 
the  piece  with  both  hands  :  cany  the  piece  to  the  rear,  place  the 
])utt  between  the  heels,  the  barrel  up,  the  muzzle  elevated.  In  thi.s 
position,  charge  cartridge,  draw  rammer,  ram  cartridge,  aud  return 
rammer. 

When  finished  loading,  the  man  will  turn  again  upon  his  leftside, 
remove  the  old  cap  and  prime,  tlien  raise  the  piece  vertically,  rise, 
turn  about  and  resume  his  position  in  the  ranks. 

The  second  man  will  be  taught  what  has  just  been  prescribed  for 
the  first,  and  so  on  throughout  the  squad. 

Hanoi} et  Exercise. 

The  bayonet  exercise  in  this  book  will  be  confined  to  two  move- 
ments, the  quard  against  infantry y  and  the  guard  against  cavalry 
The  men  will  be  placed  in  one  rank,  with  two  paces  interval,  and 
being  at  shoulder  arms,  the  instructor  will  command  : 

I.     Guard,   against    Infantry.       2.    Gvaim).       One   time    and  two 
motions. 

First  motion.  Make  a  half  face  to  the  right,  turning  on  both 
heels,  the  feet  square  to  each  other  ;  at  the  same  time  raise  the 
[lioce  slightly,  and  seize  it  with  the  left  hand  above  and  near  the 
lowei-  liand. 


,<('HOO],   OK   THE    SOLDIKK.  41 

Second  motion.  Carry  tlie  right  foot  twenty  inches  perpendicu- 
larly to  the  rear,  the  right  heel  on  the  prolongation  of  the  left,  the 
knees  slightly  bent,  the  weight  of  the  body  resting  equally  on  both 
legs;  lower  the  piece  with  both  hands,  the  barrel  uppermost,  the 
left  elbow  against  the  body  ;  seize  the  piece  at  the  same  time  with 
the  right  hand  at  the  small  of  the  stock,  the  arms  falling  naturally, 
the  point  of  the  bayonet  slightly  elevated. 

Shoulder — Arms.     One  time  and  one  motion. 
Throw  up  the  piece  with  the  left  hand,  and  place  it  against  the 
right  shoulder,  at  the  same  time  bring  the  right  heel  by  the  side  of 
the  left  and  face  to  the  front. 

1.    Guard,    ngain^xf    Cavalry.      2.   Guard.       One    time    and   ttvo 
motions. 

lioth  motions  the  same  as  for  guard  against  infantry,  except  that 
the  right  hand  will  be  supported  against  th§  hip,  and  the  bayonet 
held  at  the  height  of  the  eye,  as  in  charge  bayonet. 

Shoulder — AuMS.      One  time  and  one  motion. 

Spring  up  the  piece  with  the  left  hand  and  place  it  against  the 
right  shoulder,  at  the  same  time  bring  the  right  heel  by  the  side  of 
the  left,  and  face  to  the  front. 

MANUAL  OF  THE  SWORD  OR  SABRE.  FOR  OFFICERS. 

VOSITION   OF   THE   SWORD   OR   SABRE,    UNDER   ARMS. 

The  carry.  The  gripe  in  the  right  hand,  which  will  be  supported 
against  the  right  hip,  the  back  of  the  blade  against  the  shoulder. 

TO  SALUTE  WITH  THE  SWORD  OR  SABRE.     Three  times  (or pauses.) 

One.  At  the  distance  of  six  paces  from  the  person  to  be  saluted, 
raise  the  sword  orsabre  perpendicularly,  the  point  up,  the  flatof  the 
blade  opposite  to  the  right  eye,  the  guard  at  the  height  of  the 
shoulder,  the  elbow  supported  on  the  body. 

Two.  Drop  the  point  of  the  sword  or  sabre  by  extending  the  arm, 
so  that  the  right  hand  may  be  brought  to  the  side  of  the  right  thigh, 
and  remain  in  thatposition  until  the  person  to  whom  the  salute  is  ren- 
dered shall  be  passed,  or  shall  have  passed,  six  paces. 

Thre^e:  Raise  the  sword  or  sabre  smartly,  and  resume  the  posi- 
tion first  prescribed. 


*'^  MAM.AI.    you    VOI.rNTKKK*;    AN'r»    MM  in  I. 

COLOR-SSAMTK. 

In  tlu'  ranks,  the  color-bearor,  wlietlior  nt  a  lialt  or  in  march,  wilf 
always  carry  the  heel  of  the  color-lance  snppoi'tefl  at  the  right  hip, 
the  right  hand  generally  placed  on  the  lance  at  the  height  of  the 
><houlder,  to  hold  it  steady.  When  the  color  has  to  render  honow, 
the  color-bearer  will  salute  as  follows: 

At  the  distance  of  six  paces  slip  the  right  hand  along  the  lance 
to  the  height  of  the  eye  :  lower  the  lance  by  straightening  the  arm 
to  its  fullest  extent,  the  heel  of  the  lance  remaining  at  the  hip,  and 
bring  back  the  lance  to  the  habitiial  jxtsition  when  the  person 
riulntfd  -liiill  tinvc  pjfi-if'd.  or  «iliall  hitvc  |iit«fd.  six  i»iic(-i. 


PAliT      THIHI). 

When  the  men  are  well  established  in  fhe  iir'niciple^  and  meohaii' 
i)<m  of  the  sitep,  the  poailioit  of  the  bodij,  and  the  manual  of  arms, 
the  instructor  will  unite  from  eight  to  twelve  iu  a  squad,  in  order  to 
teach  them  the  i)rincii)les  of  alignment,  the  touch  of  the  elbow  In 
marching  to  the  front,  the  principles  of  the  march  by  the  flank, 
wheeling  from  a  halt,  wheeling  in  marching,  and  the  change  of 
direction  to  the  aide  of  the  guide.  He  will  place  the  squad  in  one 
rank  ell>ow  to  elbow,  and  number  the  men  fron  right  to  left- 

Al/gnnient)t. 

Th«!  instructor  will  at  first  teach  the  soldiers  to  i^lign  themselves 
man  by  man,  in  order  to  make  them  understand  the  principles  of 
alignment  better:  for  this  ])urj)0se,  he  will  command  the  two  men 
on  the  right  Hank  to  march  two  paces  to  the  front,  and  having 
aligned  (or  dressed)  them,  ho  will  can^cthe  remainder  of  the  squad 
to  move  up,  as  may  be  succt^ssively  called,  each  by  his  number,  a^ 
three,  f o ur,  GU\.,&n(\  align  (or  dress)  themselves  successively  on 
the  line  of  the  first  two  men. 

Rach  man,  as  desigmited  by  his  mimber,  will  turn  his  head  and 
eyes  to  the  right,  as  directed  for  ei/es  right  in  the  first  part,  and 
march  lico  paces  forirard  in  quick  <m/f,' shortening  the  last  step,  ho 
as  to  find  himself  about  six  i)iches  behind  the  new  line,  which  he 
ought  never  to  cross  ;  he  will  then  move  up  steadily  by  steps  of  two 
or  three  inches,  the  legs  straight,  to  the  s*ide  of  the  next  man  to  him 
on  the  line,  so  tlmt.  without  throwlnji  the  head  or  the  shoulder*  oilJ 


SCHOOL   OF   THE   SOLDIfcTJR  45 

of  place,  he  may  find  himself  in  the  exact  line  with  the  tiles  on  his 
right,  and  touching  elbows  with  the  nearest  one  without  opening 
out  his  arms. 
The  instructor  seeing  the  line  i)roperly  dressed,  commands  : 

Front. 

At  Avhich  the  men  Avill  turn  their  eyes  to  the  front,  and  remain 
firm. 

Alignments  to  the  left  will  be  conducted  on  the  same  principles. 

When  the  men  .shall  have  learned  to  dress  correctly  man  by  man, 
without  deranging  the  head  or  shoulders,  and  without  jostling,  the 
instructor  will  cause  the  entire  squad  to  dress  at  once  by  the 
command  : 

Squad  right  (or  left)— Dukss, 

At  this  the  squad,  except  the  two  men  placed  in  advance  as  a 
basis  of  alignment,  wMU  move  up  in  quick  tinie,  and  place  themselves 
on  the  new  line  according  to  the  principles  just  laid  down. 

The  instructor  will  superintend  the  dressing,  and  when  he  sees 
the  ^eater  number  of  the  squad  in  their  proper  places,  will 
command  : 

Front. 

The* instructor  may  afterwards  order  thin  or  that  tile  forward  or 
back,  designating  each  man  by  his  number  (or  name.)  The  file  or 
files  designated,  will  slightly  turn  their  heads  towards  the  right  (or 
^eft,)  to  judge  how  much  they  ought  to  move  up  or  back,  place 
themselves  on  a  line  by  moving  an  inch  or  two  at  a  time,  and  then 
turn  eyes  to  the  front,  without  waiting  for  any  command  from  the 
instructor. 

Alignments  to  the  rear  will  be  executed  on  the  same  principles, 
the  men  stepping  back  a  little  beyond  the  line,  and  then  dressing 
up  according  to  the  principles  laid  down  for  alignments ;  the  com- 
mands of  the  instructor  are  : 

Right  (or  left)  backward — Dress. 

2b  march  to  the  front. 

The  squad  being  correctly  aligned,  and  the  instructor  wishing  to 
iiiHrch  it  to  the  front,  he  will  place  a  well  instructed  man  on  the 


44  M.VNIAL    FOK    VOLINTEEKS    AND   MILIIIA. 

right  or  left,  according  to  the  side  on  which  he  wishes  the  guide  to 
be,  and  command: 

1.  Sqnad  forward.    2.  Gfii/le  right  {or  left.)    H.  March. 

At  the  command  march,  tlie  squad  will  step  oflF  smartly  with  the 
left  foot,  and  will  take  up  quick  timp,  unless  otherwise  specially 
ordered.  This  rule  is  general.  The  guide  will  take  care  to  march 
straight  to  the  front,  keeping  his  shoulders  always  square  with  that 
line.  The  men  will  touch  elbows  lightly  on  the  side  towards  the 
guide,  maintaining  the  shoulders  square  to  the  front,  no  matter  on 
which  side  the  guMe  may  be  ;  they  should  be  careful  not  to  open 
out  the  left  elbow,  or  the  right  arm;  that  they  yield  to  pressure 
coming  from  the  side  of  the  guide,  and  resist  that  coming  from  the 
side  opposite  ;  that  they  recover  by  insensible  degrees  the  touch 
of  the  elbow,  if  lost;  and  if  any  files  are  before  or  behind  the  line, 
that  they  correct  themselves  by  shortening  or  lengthening  the  step 
by  almost  insensible  degrees.  It  is  all  important  that  tlie  closest 
attention  should  be  paid  to  each  one  of  the  above  directions,  otherwise 
the  men  cannot  attain  proticiency,  and  Avhen  they  are  advanced  to 
the  company  drill,  it  will  be  impossible  to  secure  promptness  or 
accuracy  in  the  manoeuvers. 

The  men  being  well  establislied  in  the  principles  of  the  direct 
march,  the  instructor  will  exercise  them  in  marching  obliquely. — 
The  squad  being  in  march,  the  instructor  commands  : 

1.  Bight  (or  left)  oblique.    2.  March. 

At  the  command  march,  each  man  will  make  a  half  face  to  the 
right  (or  left,)  and  will  then  march  straight  forward  in  the  new 
direction.  As  the  men  no  longer  touch  elbows,  they  will  glance 
along  the  nearest  files,  towards  the  side  to  which  they  are  obliquing, 
and  will  regulate  their  steps  so  that  the  right  (or  left)  shoulder 
shall  always  be  behind  the  left  (or  right)  shoulder  of  their  next 
neighbor  on  the  right  (or  left,)  and  that  his  head  shall  conceal  the 
heads  of  the  other  men  on  the  right  (or  left.)  The  men  should  be- 
careful  to  preserve  the  same  length  of  pace,  and  the  same  degree 
of  obliquity.  The  guides  must  always  be  on  the  flank  towards  which 
the  oblique  takes  place. 

The  instructor  wishing  to  resume  the  direct  march,  will  com- 
mand : 

1.  Fortmrd.  ,2.  March. 


SCHOOL   OK   THK   SOUUKft.  l) 

At  the  command  march,  each  man  will  make  a  half  face  to  the 
left  (or  right,)  and  all  will  march  straight  to  the  front,  conforming 
to  the  principles  laid  down  for  marching  to  the  front. 

To  march  to  the  front  in  double  quick  time. 

Instructions  in  the  principles  of  this  step  is  recommended  for  all 
infantry  troops  ;  it  may  be  omitted  for  infantry  of  the  line,  but  in 
no  other  case ;  nothing  but  the  imperative  necessity  for  giving  all 
of  the  time  at  tlie  disposal  of  the  instrnrtor  to  instruction  in  the 
principles  of  the  quick  step  and  to  the  manceuvers,  should  prevent 
even  infantry  of  the  line  from  being  thoroughly  instructed  in  the 
principles  of  this  step. 

The  squad  being  at  a  march  in  quick  time,  the  instructor  com- 
mands : 

1.  Double  quick.    2.  March. 

At  the  command  inarch,  which  will  be  given  when  either  foot  is 
coming  to  the  ground,  the  squad  will  step  off  in  double  quick  time. 
The  men  should  be  careful  to  follow  the  rules  already  laid  down 
for  the  march  in  the  double  quick  step,  and  to  preserve  the  align- 
ment. 

When  the  instructor  wishes  the  squad  to  resume  the  quick  step, 
he  will  command : 

1.  ^luck  time.    2.  March. 

At  the  command  inarch,  which  should  be  given  when  either  foot 
is  coming  to  the  ground,  the  squad  will  retake  the  step  in  (piick 
time. 

If  the  squad  is  at  a  halt,  and  tlie  instructor  wishes  to  march  at 
the  double  quick  step,  he  commands  : 

1.   Squad  forward.      2.    Guide  right  {or  left.)     3.  Double  quiok. 
4.  March. 

The  squad  being  at  the  march  in  double  quick  time,  the  instructor 
will  occasionally  cause  it  to  mark  time  ;  the  men  will  then  mark 
double  quick  time  without  altering  the  cadence.  He  will  also 
cause  them  to  pass  from  the  direct  to  the  oblique  march,  and  the 
reverse,  conforming  to  wliat  has  been  prescribed  for  the  oblique 
march. 

In  marching  at  double  quick  time,  the  men  will  always  carry  their 
pieces  on  the  right  shoulder,  or  at  a  trail.     This  ride  «?  gemral. 


»f)  MANLAI,    KOK    VOLL  N'l  fc'KRS    AND    MILITIA. 

It  the  instructor  wishes  the  pieces  carried  at  a  trail,  he  will  give 
the  commaiul  (rail  amis,  before  the  command  (hnihle  quick.  If,  on 
the  contrary,  this  command  is  not  piven.  the  men  will  shift  their 
pieces  to  the  right  shoulder  at  the'  command  fk)uble  quick.  In 
either  case,  at  the  command  halt,  the  men  will  bring  their  pieces  to 
the  position  of  shouldered  arms.     This  rule  is  ijmeral. 

To  face  about  in  marchinff. 

If  the  squad  be  marching  in  quick  or  double  quick  time,  and  the 
instructor  should  wish  to  march  in  retreat,  he  will  command  : 

I.  Squad  right  abord.     *2.  Makch. 

At  the  command  inarch,  which  should  be  given  at  the  instant  the 
right  foot  touches  the  ground,  the  soldier  will  complete  the  next  pace 
with  the  left  foot,  then  turning  to  the  right  about  on  both  heels, 
will  step  off  with  the  left  foot. 

To  march  by  the  flank. 

The  squad  being  at  a  halt,  and  correctly  aligned,  the  instructor 
will  command : 

I.  Squad,  rigM — Face.    2.  Forward.    3.  March. 

At  tlie  command /rtce,  the  squad  will  face  to  the  right ;  the  even 
numbered  men  after  tiling  to  the  right,  will  step  quickly  to  the  right 
side  of  the  odd  numbered  men,  the  latter  standing  fast,  so  that  when 
the  movement  is  executed,  the  men  will  be  formed  into  files  of  two 
men  abreast,  or  doubled. 

At  the  command  march,  the  squad  will  step  off  smartly  with  the 
left  foot;  the  files  keeping  their  dresfj,  and  preserving  then*  in- 
tervals. 

The  march  by  the  left  flank  will  be  executed  by  the  same  com- 
mands, substituting  the  word  left  for  right,  and  by  inverse  means ; 
in  this  case,  the  even  numbered  men,  after  facing  to  the  left,  will 
stand  fast,  and  the  odd  numl>ered  will  place  themselves  on  their 
left. 

When  the  instructor  shall  wisli  to  halt  the  squad,  marching  by  the 
flank,  and  to  cause  it  to  face  to  the  front,  he  will  command  : 

1.  Squad.    2.  Halt.    3.  Front. 
.     At  the  second  command  the  rank  will  halt,  and  afterwards  no 


S<;H(H>f,   or  THE   SOt.DIKK.  47 

man  will  stir,  although  he  may  have  lost  his  distance.  This  prohi^ 
bition  is  necessary,  to  habituate  the  men  to  a  constant  attention  to 
their  distances.    ^ 

At  the  command  front,  each  man  will  front  by  facing  to  the  left, 
if  marching  by  the  right  flank,  and  by  a  face  to  the  right,  if  march- 
ing by  the  left  flank.  The  rear  rank  men  will  move  quickly  into 
their  places,  so  as  to  form  the  squad  into  one  rank  again. 

The  squad  being  on  the  march  by  the  flank,  the  instructor  will 
cause  it  to  change  direction  by  commanding  : 

1.  By  fie  left  {or  right.)    2.  March. 

At  the  command  march,  the  first  file  will  change  direction  to  the 
left  (or  right)  in  describing  a  small  arc  of  a  circle,  and  will  then 
march  strait  forward;  the  two  men  of  this  file  in  wheeling,  will 
keep  up^the  touch  of  the  elbows,  and  the  man  on  the  aide  to  which 
the  wheel  is  made,  will  shorten  the  first  three  or  four  steps.  Each 
liie  will  come  successively  to  the  wheel  on  the  same  spot  where  that 
wliich  preceded  it  wheeled. 

The  instructor  mMII  also  cause  the  squad  to  face  by  the  right  or 
left  flank  in  marching,  and  for  this  purpose  he  will  command  : 

1.  Squad  l)y  the  right  (or  left)  flank.    2.  MA.Rcn. 

At  the  command  anarch,  which  will  be  given  a  little  before  either 
foot  comes  to  the  ground,  the  men  will  turn  the  body,  plant  the  foot 
that  is  raised  in  the  new  direction,  and  step  off  with  the  other  foot 
without  altering  the  cadence  of  the  step.  When  the  squad  faces 
to  the  front  or  rear  in  marching,  the  men  who  find  themselves  in 
rear  step  to  the  right  or  left  so  as  to  form  a  single  rank,  each  man 
in  his  place  as  in  the  beginning ;  this  is  called  the  undouhUng  of 
files. 

If  wh«;n  the  squad  is  marching  to  the  front  or  rear,  tfie  instructor 
causes  it  to  march  by  a  flank,  the  files  will  double  ;  when  the  squad 
is  on  the  march  to  the  front,  and  is  faced  by  the  right  flank,  the 
e!\3en  numbei-s  will  step  up  to  the  right  of  the  odd  ones,  as  fin  the 
first  instance  effacing  from  a  halt;  when  it  is  marched  by  the  left 
flank,  the  odd  numbers  should  double  on  the  left  of  the  even  ;  if 
the  squad  is  marching  to  the  rear  when  it  is  faced  by  the  right 
flank,  the  orW  will  double  on  the  er.en  as  in  the  last  case,  but  if 
faced  by  the  left  flank  iho  even  will  double  to  the  right  of  the  oJr7 
J-  in  the  first  case. 


t^  MAMAI.    l"OK    VOMNTEKRS    AMI   MILITIA. 

The  instructor  will  sometimes  march  by  a  flank  wirliout  doubling 
files  :  for  this  purpose  he  commands  : 

In  one  rank,  )'rjht~FxcK. 

In  marohin?  at  the  (1o>ihIp  qHwk,  ht>\vever.  the  files  will  always  be 
doubled. 

Qenernl  principh'S  of  frJief^Iingi^. 

Wheclinfrs  are  of  two  kinds;  from  a  halt,  or  on  fin^d  pivots,  and 
on  the  march,  or  on  a  rnoreahle  pivot. 

In  wheeline;  from  a  halt,  the  pivot-man  only  turns  in  liis  place, 
without  advancing  or  receding.  In  the  wheelf>.in  marching,  the 
jiivot  man  takes  steps  of  nine  or  eleven  inches,  according  as  the 
s(iuad  is  marching  in  (juick  or  double  quick  time,  so  as  to  clear  the 
w*heeling  point,  which  is  necessary  in  order  that,  in  a  column  com- 
posed of  sections,  platoons,  or  companies,  the  distances  between 
the  ditterent  parts  of  it  shall  not  be  lost. 

The  man  on  the  wheeling  flank  will  take  a  full  pace  of  twenty- 
eight,  or  thirty-three  inches,  according  to  whether  the  time  is  quick 
or  double  (piick. 

Wheeling  from  a  Unit,  or  on  a  fixed  pivot. 

The  squad  being  at  a  halt,  the  instructor  will  place  a  well-instructed 
man  on  the  wheeling  flank  to  conduct  it,  and  command : 

1.  Bij  squady  right  v)heeL    2.  March. 

At  the  command  march,  the  squad  will  step  off  with  the  left  foot, 
turning  the  head  at  the  same  time  a  little  to  the  left,  the  ej'es  on 
the  line  of  the  eyes  of  tlie  men  to  their  left;  the  pivot-man  will 
merely  mark  time,  gradually  turning  his  body,  in  order  to  conform 
himself  to  the  movements  of  the  marching  flank  ;  the  man  who  con- 
ducts this  flank  will  take  steps  of  twenty-eight  inches,  and  from  the 
first  step  advance  the  left  shoulder  a  little,  cast  tlie  eyes  from  time 
to  time  along  the  rank,  and  feel  constantly,  but  lightly,  the  elbow 
of  the  next  man  on  the  right,  but  never  push  him.  The  other  man 
will  feel  lightly  the  elbow  of  the  next  man  to  his  right,  resist  pres- 
sure coming  from  the  left,  and  yield  to  any  coming  from  the  right; 
each  man  will  c(jnform  himself  to  the  march  of  the  men  on  the 
left,  sliortening  his  step  m(jre  aiid.more  as  he  is  nearer  the  right, 
or  pivot. 


SCHOOL  OF  THE  SOLDIER.  49 

The  instructor  will  make  the  squad  wheel  round  the  circle  once 
or  twice  before  halting,  in  order  to  cause  the  principles  to  be  better 
understood,  and  he  will  be  watchful  that  the  centre  does  not  break 
or  get  too  far  in  advance. 

He  will  cause  the  wheel  to  the  left  to  be  executed  on  the  same 
principles. 

When  the  instructor  wishes  to  arrest  the  wheel,  he  commands : 

1.  Squad.    2.  Halt. 

At  the  second  command  the  squad  will  halt,  and  no  man  stir. 
The  instructor  going  to  the  left  (or  right,  if  the  wheel  has  been  to 
the  left)  flank,  will  place  the  two  outer  men  of  tliat  flank  in  the 
direction  he  may  wish  to  give  to  the  squad,  without,  liowever,  dis- 
placing tlie  pivot,  who  will  conform  the  line  of  his  shoulders  to  this 
direction.  Tlie  instructor  will  take  care  to  have  between  these  two 
men  and  the  pivot,  only  the  space  necessary  to  contain  the  other 
men.     He  will  tlien  command : 


Left  (or  right- 

At  this  tlie  squad  will  place  itself  on  the  alignment  of  the  men 
fixed  as  the  basis,  in  conformity  with  the  principles  laid  down  for 
tlie  alignments.  As  soon  ns  the  men  are  aligned,  the  instructor 
commands : 

Front. 

Wheeling  in  marching,  or  on  a  movable  pivot. 

When  the  men  have  been  bi'ought  to  execute  the  wheel  from  a 
lialt  properly,  they  will  be  taught  the  wheel  in  marching. 

For  this  end,  the  squad  being  on  the  march,  when  the  instructor 
shall  wish  to  cause  it  to  change  direction  to  the  flank  opi)osite  the 
guide,  he  will  command  : 

I.  Right  (or  left)  wheel.    2.  March. 

The  first  command  will  be  given  when  the  squad  is  four  paces 
iVoiii  the  wheeling  point. 

At  the  command  march,  the  wheel  will  be  executed  in  the  same 
manner  as  from  a  halt,  except  that  the  touch  of  the  elbow  will  re- 
main towards  the  left  or  marching  flank,  instead  of  the  side  of  the 
actual  pivot;  that  the  pivot  man,  instead  of  merely  turning  in  his 
I'lnre,  will  conform  himself  to  the  movement  of  the  marching  flank. 


50  MANUAL  FOR  VOLUNTEERS  AN'D  MILITIA. 

feel  lightly  the  elbow  of  the  next  man,  take  steps  of  full  nine  inches, 
and  thus  gain  ground  forward  so  as  to  clear  the  point  of  the  wheel. 
The  middle  of  the  rank  will  bend  slightly  to  the  rear.  As  soon  as 
the  movement  shall  commence,  the  man  who  conducts  the  marching 
flank  will  cast  his  eyes  on  the  ground  over  Avhich  he  will  have  to 
pass. 
The  wheel  being  ended,  the  instructor  will  command  : 

1.  Forward.    2.  March. 

The  comman(\  fo?'ipard  will  be  given  four  paces  before  the  wheel 
is  complete. 

At  the  command  march,  which  will  begin  at  the  instant  the  wheel 
is  complete,  the  man  who  conducts  the  wheel  will  march  straight 
forward  ;  the  pivot  man  and  all  the  rest  of  the  squad  will  retake 
the  step  of  twenty-eight  inches,  and  bring  the  head  direct  to  the 
front. 

Turning  or  change  of  direction  to  the  side  of  the  guide. 

The  change  of  direction  to  the  side  of  the  guide,  in  marching,  will 
be  executed  as  follows :  the  instructor  will  command  : 

1.  Left  (or  right)  turn.    2.  March. 

The  first  command  should  be  given  when  the  Squad  is  /a?<7'  paces 
from  the  turning  point. 

At  the  command  march,  to  be  pronounced  at  the  instant  the  rank 
ought  to  turn,  the  guide  will  face  to  the  left  (or  right)  in  marching, 
and  move  forward  in  the  new  direction  without  changing  the  pace. 
The  whole  squad  will  promptly  conform  to  the  new  direction ;  to 
effect  which,  each  man  will  advance  the  shoulder  opposite  the  guide, 
take  the  double  quick  step,  turn  the  head  and  eyes  to  the  side  of 
the  guide,  place  himself  on  the  line  with  the  guide,  from  whom  he 
will  take  the  step,  touch  elbows  to  the  side  of  the  guide,  and  resume 
the  direct  position  of  the  head.  The  men  will  arrive  in  their  places 
in  regular  succession. 

When  the  men  comprehend,  and  can  execute  the  various  wheels, 
etc.,  in  quick  time,  the  instructor  Avill  cause  them  to  be  repeated  in 
double  quick  time,  by  the  same  commands,  and  according  to  same 
l)rinciples  as  in  quick  time ;  except  that  the  command  double  quick 
will  preceed  that  of  march.     In  wheeling  while  marching,  the 


SCHOOL  OF  THE  SOLDIER  51 

pivot  man  Avill  take  steps  of  eleven  inches,  and  in  the  changes  of 
direction  to  the  side  of  the  guide,  the  men  on  the  side  opposite 
the  guide  must  increase  the  gait  in  order  to  bring  themselves  into 
line. 

The  iustructor,  in  order  not  to  fatigue  the  men,  and  not  to  divide 
their  attention,  will  cause  them  to  execute  the  several  movements 
of  wheelings,  etc.,  first  without  arms,  and  next,  after  the  mechan- 
ism be  well  comprehended,  with  arms. 


A.B STRICT    FROM 


SCHOOL  OF  THE  OOMPAjSTY. 


MANNNER  OF  FORMING  THE  COMPANY. 

The  whole  company  being  assembled  on  its  parade  ground,  or  in 
the  rendezvous,  the  first,  or  ordei'Iy  sergeant,  will  command : 

Fall  in — Company. 

At  this  command,  the  corporals  and  privates  will  form  in  one  rank, 
faced  to  the  right,  and  in  the  order  of  heiglit  from  right  to  left,  the 
tallest  man  on  the  right,  (now  head  of  the  company,)  the  next  tallest 
man  immediately  covering  tlie  first,  and  so  on  to  the  left  or  rear  of 
the  rank,  in  which  position  will  be  placed  the  shortest  man.  The 
other  sergeants  will  take  post  in  the  rank  of  file-closers,  two  paces 
to  the  right  of  the  company,  and  assist  the  first  sergeant  in  forming 
the  company : 

AVlien  the  men  have  their  places,  the  first  sergeant  will  command : 

Front. 

The  second  sergeant,  who  is  the  left  guide  of  the  company,  will 
now  place  himself  on  the  left  of  the  company,  and  the  orderly  ser- 
geant will  promptly  command : 

1.  In  tico  raiiks,  form  company.    2.  Left — Face.    3.  March. 

At  the  command  left  face,  the  whole  company  will  face  to  the 
left,  except  the  guide  and  a  man  on  the  left,  who  stand  fast. 

At  the  command  march,  the  whole  of  the  men  who  have  faced  to 
the  left,  will  step  oflF  together ;  the  second  man,  counting  from  the 


oi  MANUAL   KUK    VOLUNTEERS   AND   MILITIA. 

left,  will  place  himself  iu  the  rear  rank,  behind  the  man  next  to  the 
guide,  and  face  to  the  front;  the  two  following  men  will,  in  like 
manner,  on  closing  up,  form  the  next  file,  tlie  third  man,  in  the 
front,  and  the  fourth  in  the  rear  rank  behind  him,  and  all  the  other 
men  will  come  successively  to  form  files,  two  deep,  to  the  right  of 
those  already  formed.* 

The  officers  will  now  take  their  posts  as  follows : 
Tlie  captain  on  the  right  of  the  company , touching  with  the  loft  elbow. 

The  first  sergeant,  in  the  rear  rank,  touching  with  the  left  elbow, 
and  covering  the  captain.  In  the  mana-uvres  he  is  denominated 
covering  sergeant,  or  right  guide  of  the  comjjany. 

The  remaining  officers  and  sergeants  are  posted  as  tile-closers,  in 
the  rank  of  file-closers,  two  paces  behind  tlie  rear  rank. 

The  first  lieutenant,  opposite  the  centre  of  the  fourth  section. 

The  second  lieittenant,  opposite  the  centre  of  the  first  platoon. 

The  third  lieutenant,  opposite  the  centre  of  the  second  platoon. 

The  second  sergeant,  opposite  the  second  file  from  the  left  of  the 
Kunpany.  In  the  manoeuvres  he  is  called  the  left  guide  of  the  com- 
pany. 

The  third  sergeant,  opposite  the  second  file  from  the  right  of  the 
second  platoon. 

The  fourth  sergeant,  opposite  the  second  file  from  the  left  of  the 
first  platoon. 

Tlie  fifth  sergeant,  opposite  the  second  file  from  the  right  of  the 
first  platoon. 

The  corporals  are  posted  in  the  front  rank ;  the  tallest  corporal 
and  the  tallest  man  from  the  first  file  on  the  right,  the  next  two 
tallest  men  from  the  second  file,  and  so  on  to  the  last  file,  which  is 
composed  of  the  shortest  corporal  and  the  shortest  man. 

If  the  captain  has  to  discharge  the  duties  of  instructor,  the  first 
lieutenant  will  take  his  place  on  the  right  of  the  front  rank,  the 
second  lieutenant  replacing  the  first  behind  the  fourth  section. 

The  instructoi'  will  then  cause  the  files  to  be  numbered,  and  for 
this  purpose  will  command : 

In  each  rank — count  Twos. 

At  this  command  the  men  count  in  each  rank  from  right  to  left, 

*  When  the  company  is  in  good  discipline,  the  files  may  be  formed  in  two 
ranks  at  once,  each  man  having  his  proper  number  in  the  company  de- 
pending upon  his  height,  and  being  able  to  take  his  appropriate  place  with- 
out creating  confusion. 


SCHOOL  OF  THE  COMPANY.  .).) 

pronouncing  in  a  loud  and  distinct  voice,  in  the  same  tone,  without 
hurry  and  without  turning  the  head,  one,  two,  according  to  the  place 
each  one  occupies.  He  will  also  cause  the  company  to  be  divided 
into  platoons  and  sections,  taking  care  that  the  first  platoon  is  always 
composed  of  an  even  number  of  files. 

To  open  ranki^. 

The  company  being  at  ordered  arms,  the  ranks  and  file-closers 
well  aligned,  when  the  instructor  shall  wish  to  cause  the  ranks  to  be 
opened,  he  will  direct  the  left  guide  to  place  himself  on  the  left  of 
the  front  rank,  which  being  executed,  he  will  command : 

1.  Company.    2.  Shoidde)^ — Arms.    3.  To  the  rear,  op)en  order. 

At  the  last  command,  the  covering  sergeant,  (or  orderly  sergeant,) 
and  the  left  guide,  will  step  off  smartly  to  the  rear,  four  paces  of 
twenty-eight  inches  from  the  front  rank,  in  order  to  mark  the  posi- 
tion for  the  rear  rank.  They  will  judge  this  distance  by  the  eye 
without  counting  the  steps. 

The  instructor  will  place  himself  at  the  same  time  on  the  right 
flank,  in  order  to  observe  if  these  two  non-commissioned  officers 
are  on  a  line  parallel  to  the  front  rank ;  and,  if  ilecessary,  to  .cor- 
rect their  positions,  Avhich  being  executed,  he  will  command  : 

4.  March. 

At  this  command  the  front  rank  will  stand  fast.  The  rear  rank 
will  step  to  the  rear  without  counting  the  steps,  and  will  place  them- 
selves on  the  alignment  marked  for  this  rank,  each  man  stepping 
slightly  behind  the  line,  and  tlien  dressing  forward  as  in  the  back- 
ward dress.  The  covering  sergeant  will  dress  the  rear  rank  on  the 
left  guide  placed  to  mark  the  left  of  this  rank.  The  instructor  see- 
ing the  rear  rank  aligned.  avIU  command  : 

.').  Front. 

At  this  command,  the  sergeant  on  the  loft  of  the  ronr  rank  will 
return  to  his  place  as  file-closer. 

Alignments  in  open  ranis. 

The  ranks  being  open,  the  instructor  will,  in  the  first  exercises, 
align  the  ranks,  man  by  man,  the  better  to  inculcate  the  principles. 


MANTAL   FOR   VOLUNTEERS    AND  MILITIA. 

To  efifect  this,  he  will  cause  t^vo  or  four  men  on  the  right  or  left  of 
each  rank  to  march  two  or  three  pace^'  forward,  and,  after  liavins: 
aligned  them,  command : 

By  file,  rigid  (or  ?^//)— Dress. 

At  this,  the  men  of  each  rank  will  move  up  successivel}'  on  the^ 
alignment,  each  man  being  preceded  by  his  neighbor  in  the  same 
rank,  towards  the  basis,  b}'  two  paces,  and  having  correctly  aligned 
himself,  will  cast  his  eyes  to  the  front. 

Successive  alignments  having  habituated  the  soldier  to  dress  cor- 
rectly, the  instructor  will  cause  the  ranks  to  align  themselves  at 
once,  forward  and  backward,  sometimes  in  a  direction  parallel,  and 
sometimes  in  one  oblique  to  the  original  direction,  giving,  in  each 
case,  two  or  four  men  to  serve  as  a  basis  of  alignment  to  each  rank. 
To  etl'ect  which,  he  will  command  : 

].  Tii'jM  (oYlefO—TtRV.fi^.    2.  Front; 

or, 

1.  Bight  (or  left)  backward— Dkess.    2.  Front. 

In  oblique  alignments,  in  opened  ranks,  the  men  of  the  rear  rank 
will  not  seek  to  cover  their  file  leaders,  as  the  sole  object  of  the 
exercise  is  to  teach  them  to  align  themselves  correctly  in  their  re- 
spective ranks,  in  the  different  directions. 

In  the  several  alignments,  the  captain  will  superintend  the  front 
rank,  and  the  covering  sergeant  the  rear  rank.  For  this  purpose, 
they  will  place  themselves  on  the  side  by  which  the  ranks  are 
dressed. 

In  oblique  alignments,  the  men  will  conform  the  Hue  of  thoir 
shoulders  to  the  new  direction  of  their  ranks,  and  will  place  them- 
selves on  the  alignment  as  has  been  prescribed  in  the  School  of  the 
Soldier,  according  a^  the  new  direction  shall  be  in  front  or  rear  of 
the  original  one. 

?b  close  rankfi. 

The  instructor  will  command  : 

1.  Close  order.    2.  March. 

At  the  command  march,  ihe  rear  rank  will  close  u])  iri  (iirick  titiii^ 
each  man  directing  himself  on  his  lile  leader. 


I 


SCHOOL    OF   THE   COMPANY.  il 

Alignments  in  dosed  7'anks. 

The  ranks  being  closed,  the  instructor  will  cause  to  be  executed 
parallel  and  oblique  alignments  by  the  right  and  left,  forward  and 
backward,  observing  to  place  always  two  or  four  files  as  a  basis  of 
alignment.  He  will  give  the  same  commands  prescribed  for  opened 
ranks. 

In  alignments  in  closed  ranks,  the  captain  will  superintend  the 
front  rank,  and  the  covering  sergeant  the  rear  rank.  They  will 
habituate  themselves  to  judge  tlie  alignment  by  the  lines  of  the 
eyes  and  shoulders,  in  casting  a  glance  of  the  eye  along  the  front 
and  rear  of  the  ranks. 

The  moment  the  captain  perceives  the  greater  number  of  the 
front  rank  aligned,  he  will  command  Fkont,  and  rectify  afterwards, 
if  necessary,  tlie  alignment  of  the  other  men  by  ordering  this  or 
tfiat  file  forward  or  hack,  designating  each  by  its  number.  The 
rear  rank  will  conform  to  the  alignment  of  the  front  rank,  superin- 
tended by  the  covering  sergeant. 

The  ranks  being  steady,  the  instructor  will  place  himself  on  the 
flank  to  verify  their  alignment.  He  will  also  see  that  each  rear  rank 
man  covers  accurately  his  file  leader. 

In  all  alignments,  the  file-closera  will  preserve  the  distance  of 
two  paces  from  the  rear  rank. 

The  alignments  being  ended,  the  instructor  will  exercise  the  com- 
pany at  the  manual,  and  finish  with  stacking  arms  as  follows : 

To  Stack  Anns. 
The  men  being  at  order  arms,  the  iusti'uctor  will  command : 

Stack — Arms. 

At  this  command,  the  front  rank  man  of  every  even  numbered 
file  will  pass  his  piece  before  him,  seizing  it  with  the  left  hand  above 
the  middle  band,  and  place  the  butt  behind  and  near  the  right  foot 
of  the  man  next  on  the  left,  the  barrel  turned  to  the  front.  At  the 
same  time  the  front  rank  man  of  every  odd  numbered  file  will  pass 
his  piece  before  him,  seizing  it  with  the  left  hand  below  the  middle 
band,  and  hand  it  to  the  man  next  on  the  left ;  the  latter  will  receive 
it  with  the  right  hand  two  inches  above  the  middle  band,  throw  the 
butt  about  thirty-two  inches  to  the*  front,  opposite  to  his  right 
slioulder,  inclme  tlie  muzzle  towards  him,  and  lock  the  shanks 
of  the  two  bayonets :  the  lock  of  this  second  piece  towards  the  right 


MANUAL   FOR   VOLUNTEERS   AND   MIIJIIA. 

,11(1  its  shank  above  that  of  tlie  first  piece.  The  rear  rank  mau  of 
every  even  file  will  project  his  bayonet  forward,  and  introduce  it 
(usinfj  both  hands)  between  and  under  the  shanks  of  the  two  other 
bayonets.  He  will  then  abandon  the  piece  to  his  file  leader,  who 
will  receive  it  with  the  right  hand  under  the  middle  band,  bring  tlie 
butt  to  the  front,  holding  up  his  own  piece  and  the  stack  with'the 
left  hand,  and  place  the  butt  of  this  third  piece  between  the  feet  of 
the  man  next  on  the  right,  the  S  plate  to  the  rear.  Hie  stack  thus 
fonned,  the  rear  rank  man  of  every  odd  file  will  pass  his  piece  into 
the  left  hand,  the  barrel  turned  to  the  front,  and,  sloi)ing  the  bayon- 
et forward,  rest  it  on  the  stack. 

If  the  company  be  armed  with  ?*(/?es,  or  any  piece  without  the 
bayonet,  arms  will  be  stacked  by  the  same  commands,  and  in  the 
following  manner  :  At  the  command  stack  anns,  tlie  front  rank  man 
of  every  even  numbered  file  will  pass  his  piece  before  him  seizing  it 
with  the  left  hand  near  the  upper  band ;  will  place  the  butt  a 
little  in  advance  of  his  left  toe,  the  barrel  tiu-ned  towards  the  body, 
and  draw  the  rammer  slightly  from  its  place  ;  the  front  rank  man 
of  every  odd  numbered  file  will  also  draw  the  rammer  slightly,  and 
pass  his  piece  to  the  man  next  on  his  left,  who  will  seize  it  with  tlie 
right  hand  near  the  upper  band,  and  place  the  butt  a  little  in 
advance  of  the  right  toe  of  the  man  next  on  his  right,  the  barrel 
turned  to  the  front ;  he  will  then  cross  the  rammers  of  the  two 
pieces,  the  rammer  of  the  piece  of  the  odd  numbered  man  being 
inside ;  the  rear  rank  man  of  every  even  file  will  also  draw  his 
rammer,  lean  his  piece  forward,  the  lock-plate  downwards,  advance 
the  right  foot  about  six  inches,  and  insert  the  rammer  l)etween  the 
rammer  and  barrel  of  the  piece  of  his  front  rank  man ;  with  his 
left  hand  he  will  place  the  butt  of  his  piece  on  the  ground,  thirty- 
two  inches  in  rear  of,  and  perpendicularto,  the  front  rank,  bringing 
back  his  light  foot  by  the  side  of  the  left;  the  front  rank  man  of 
every  even  file  will  at  the  same  time  lean  the  stack  to  tlie  rear,  quit 
it  with  his  right  hand,  and  force  all  the  rammers  down.  The  stack 
being  thus  formed,  the  rear  rank  man  of  every  odd  file  will  pass  his 
piece  into  his  left  hand,  the  barrel  to  the  front,  and  inclining  it  for- 
ward, will  rest  it  on  the  stack. 

The  men  of  both  ranks  haviag  taken  the  position  of  the  soldier 
without  arms,  the  instructor  will  command  : 

I.   Brpol-  ranl's.    2.  Mahch, 


SCHOOL   OF  THE  COMl'AXY.  59 

To  Resume  Arms, 

Both  ranks  being  re-formed  in  rear  of  their  stacks,  the  instructor 
will  command : 

Take^Amis. 

At  this  command,  the  rear  rank  man  of  every  odd  numbered  file 
will  withdraw  his  piece  from  the  stack ;  the  front  rank  man  of  every 
even  file  will  seize  Ids  own  piece  with  the  left  hand,  and  that  of  the 
man  on  liis  right  with  his  right  hand,  both  above  the  lower  band  : 
the  rear  rank  man  of  the  even  file  will  seize  his  piece  with  the  right 
hand  below  the  lower  band  ;  these  two  men  will  raise  up  the  stock 
to  loosen  the  rammers  or  bayonets  ;  the  front  rank  man  of  every 
odd  file  will  facilitate  the  disengagement  of  the  rammers,  if  neces- 
sary, by  drawing  them  out  slightly  with  the  left  hand,  and  will  re 
ceive  his  piece  from  the  hand  of  the  man  next  on  his  left ;  the  four 
men  will  retake  the  position  of  the  soldier  at  order  arms. 

The  Firings. 

To  fire  by  company. 

The  instructor,  wishing  to  cause  the  fire  by  company  to  be  exe- 
cuted, will  command : 

1,  Fire  by  company.    2.  Commence  firing. 

At  the  first  command,  the  captain  will  promptly  place  himself 
opposite  the  centre  of  his  company,  and  four  paces  in  rear  of  the 
line  of  file-closers :  the  covering  sergeant  will  retire  to  that  line,  and 
place  himself  opposite  to  his  interval.  This  rule  is  general,  for 
both  captain  and  covering  sergeant,  in  aU  the  different  firings. 

At  the  second  command,  the  captain  will  add : 

1.  Company.    2.  Ready.    3.  Am.    4.  Fire.    5.  Load. 

At  the  command  load,  the  men  will  load  their  pieces,  and  then 
take  the  position  of  ready,  as  prescribed  in  the  school  of  the 
soldier. 

The  captain  will  immediately  recommence  the  firing,  by  the 
commands : 

1.  Company.    2.  Aim.    3.  Fire.    4.  Load. 

The  firing  will  be  thus  continued  until  the  signal  to  cease  firing  is 
sounded. 


00  MANUAL    FOK    VOLUNTKEKm*    AM)    MII,HIA, 

The  captain  will  sometimes  cause  aim  to  be  taken  to  the  right  or 
left,  Pimply  observing  to  pronounce  rUjht  (or  left)  oblique,  before 
the  command  aim. 

To  fire  by  fiie. 

The  instructor  wishing  to  cause  the  fire  by  file  to  be  executed, 
will  command : 

1.  Fire  by  file.    2.  Company.     3.  Ready.     4.  Commence' firing. 

The  third  and  fourth  commands  will  be  executed  as  prescribed  in 
the  School  of  the  Soldier. 

The  fire  will  be  continued  by  the  right  file  of  the  company;  the 
the  next  file  will  take  aim  at  the  instant  the  first  brings  down  pieces  to 
reload,  and  so  on  to  the  left;  but  this  progression  will  only  be  ob- 
served in  the  first  discharge,  after  which  each  nnin  will  reload  and 
fire  without  regulating  himself  by  others,  conforming  himself  to 
what  is  prescribed  in  the  School  of  the  Soldier. 

The  fire  by  rank. 

The  instructor  wishing  the  fire  by  rank  to  be  executed,  will  com- 
mand: 

1.  Fireby7'ank.    2.  Company.    3.  Ready.    4.  Hear  rank. — Aim. 
5.  FiKE.    6.  Load. 

The  fifth  and  sixth  commands  will  be  executed  as  is  prescribed 
in  the  school  of  the  soldier. 

"When  the  instructor  sees  one  or  two  pieces  in  the  rear  rank  at  a 
ready,  he  will  command  : 

1.  Fi'ontrank.    2.  Aim.    3.  Fike.    4.  Load. 

The  firing  will  be  continued  thus  by  alternate  ranks,  until  the 
signal  is  given  to  cease  firing. 

The  instructor  will  sometimes  cause  aim  to  be  taken  to  the  right 
and  left,  conforming  to  what  is  prescribed  for  the  oblique  fire. 

The  instructor  will  cause  the  firing  to  cease,  whether  by  company, 
by  file,  or  by  rank,  by  sounding  the  signal  to  cease  firing  ;  at  which 
signal  the  men  will  cease  to  fire.  If  they  have  fired,  they  will  load 
their  pieces  and  bring  them  to  a  shoulder ;  if  at  the  position  of 
ready,  they  will  half-cock  and  shoulder  arms.  If  in  the  position 
of  am,  they  will  bring  down  their  pieces,  half-cock,  and  shoulder 
arms. 


.SCHOOL    OK   THE   CO.MI'ANY.  61 

The  signal  to  cease  firing  will  always  be  lolloAved  by  a  bugle  note, 
or  tap  of  the  drum  ;  at  which  sound,  the  captain  and  covering  ser- 
geant will  promptly  resume  their  places  in  line,  and  will  rectify,  if 
necessary,  the  alignment  of  the  ranks. 

The  fire  by  file  being  that  which  is  most  frequently  used  against 
an  enemy,  it  is  highly  important  that  it  be  rendered  perfectly  fa- 
miliar to  the  troops.  The  instructor  will,  therefore,  give  it  almost 
exclusive  preference,  and  labor  to  cause  the  men  to  aim  with  care, 
and  alwaj^s,  if  possible,  at  some  particular  ol)Ject.  As  it  is  of  the 
utmost  importance  that  the  men  should  aim  with  precision  in  battle, 
this  principle  will  be  rigidly  enforced  in  the  exercises  for  purposes 
of  instruction. 

To  fire  by  the  rear  rank. 

The  instructor  will  cause  the  several  fires  to  be  executed  to  the 
rear,  that  is,  by  the  rear  rank.    To  effect  this  he  will  command; 

1.  Face  by  the  rear  rank.    2.  Company.    3.  AborU—F ack.    • 

At  the  first  command,  the  captain,  will  step  out  and  place  himself 
near  to,  and  facing  the  right  file  of  his  company ;  the  covering  ser- 
geant and  file-closers  will  pass  quickly  through  the  captain's  inter- 
val, and  place  themselves  face  to  the  rear,  the  covej'ing  sergeant  a 
pace  behind  the  cai)tain,  and  the  file-closers  .two  paces  from  the 
front  rank  opposite  to  their  places  in  line,  each  passing  behind  the 
covering  sergeant. 

At  tlie  third  command,  which  will  be  given  at  the  instant  the  last 
file-closer  shall  have  passed  through  the  interval,  the  company  will 
face  about;  the  captain  will  place  himself  in  his  interval  in  the  rear 
rank,  now  become  the  front,  and  the  covering  sergeant  will  cover 
him  in  the  front  rank,  now  become  the  rear. 

The  company  having  faced  by  the  rear  rank,  the  instructor  will 
cause  it  to  execute  the  fire  by  company,  both  direct  and  oblique, 
the  fire  by  file,  and  the  fire  by  rank,  by  the  commands  and  meaiis 
prescribed.  The  captain,  covering  sergeant,  and  the  men  will  con- 
form themselves,  in  like  manner,  to  what  is  prescribed. 

The  fire  by  file  will  commence  on  the  left  of  the  company,  now 
become  the  right.  In  the  fire  by  rank  the  firing  will  commence 
with  the  front  rank,  now  become  the  rear. 

To  resume  the  proper  front,  the  instructor  will  command : 


'52  M.VXIAL    KOi:    VOM'NTEEKi^    AND   MILITIA. 

1.  ^ce  by  the  fro  id  rank.     2.  Company.    3.  Ahuid—VM^v.. 

At  the  first  comniand,  the  captain,  covering  sergeant,  and  tile- 
closers  will  conform  to  what  is  prescribed  above. 

At  the  third  command,  the  company  having  faced  about,  the 
captain  and  covering  sergeant  will  resume  their  places  in  line. 

In  this  lesson,  the  instructor  will  impress  on  the  men  tlie  imjjort- 
ance  of  aiming  always  at  some  particular  object,  and  of  holding  the 
piece  as  prescribed  in  the  School  of  the  Soldier. 

The  instructor  will  recommend  the  ca])tain  to  make  a  short  pause 
between  the  commands  aim  and  fire,  to  give  the  men  time  to  aim 
with  accuracy. 

2'o  advance  in  line  of  battle. 

The  company  being  inline  of  battle,  and  correctly  aligned, .when 
the  instructor  shall  wish  to  exercise  it  in  marching  by  the  front,  he 
will  assure  himself  that  the  shoulders  of  the  captain  and  covering 
sergeant  are  perR^ctly  in  the  direction  of  their  respective  ranks, 
and  that  the  sergeant  accurately  covers  the  captain  :  the  instructor 
will  then  place  himself  twenty-five  or  thirty  paces  in  front  of  them, 
face  to  the  rear,  and  place  himself  exactly  on  the  prolongation  of 
the  line  passing  between  their  heels. 

The  instructor*,  being  aligned  on  the  directing  tile,  will  com- 
nujnd  : 

1.  Company,  Forward. 

At  this,  a  sergeaut,  previously  designated,  will  move  six  paces  in 
;i(ivance  of  the  captain:  the  instructor,  from  the  position  pre- 
scribed, will  correctly  align  this  sergeaut  on  the  prolongation  of  the 
/  directing  file. 

This  advanced  sergeant,  who  is  to  be  charged  with  the  direction, 
will,  the  moment  his  position  is  assured,  take  two  points  on  the 
ground  in  tlie  straight  line  which  wcndd  pass  between  his  own  and 
the  heels  of  the  instructor. 

These  dispositions  being  made,  the  instructor  will  step  aside,  and 
conunand : 

2.  March. 

At  tills,  the  company  will  step  off  with  life.  The  directing  ser- 
geant will  observe,   with  the  greatest  precision,  the   length   and 


School  ov  the  comaaxy.  63 

eadence  of  the  step,  marching  on  the  two  points  he  has  chosen:  he 
will  take  in  succession,  and  always  a  little  before  arriving  at  the 
point  nearest  to  him,  new  points  in  advance,  e.xactlj'  in  the  same 
line  with  the  first  two,  and  at  the  distance  of  some  fifteen  or  twent}' 
paces  from  each  other.  The  captain  will  march  steadih'  in  the  trace 
of  the  directing  sergeant,  keeping  always  six  paces  from  him ;  the 
men  will  each  maintain  the  head  direct  to  the  front,  feel  lightl>-  the 
elbow  of  his  neighbor  on  the  side  of  dii-ection,  and  conform  himself 
to  the  principles  prescribed.  School  of  the  Soldier,  for  the  march 
by  the  front. 

The  man  next  to  the  captain  Avill  take  si)ecial  care  not  to  pasft 
him ;  to  this  end,  he  will  keep  the  line  of  his  shoulders  a  little  in 
the  rear,  but  inl^^^e  same  direction  with  those  of  the  captain. 

The  file-closejiP  will  miirch  at  the  habitual  distance  of  two  pace* 
behind  the  rear  rank. 

If  the  men  lose  the  step,  the  instructor  will  command: 

To  ^/je— Step. 

At  this  command,  the  men  will  glance  towards  the  directing  ser- 
geant, retake  the  step  from  him,  and  again  direct  their  eyes  to  the 
front. 

The  instructor  will  cause  the  captain  and  covering  sergeant  to  ]>e 
posted  sometimes  on  the  right,  and  sometimes  on  tlie  left  of  the 
company. 

The  directing  sergeant,  in  advance,  having  the  greatest  influence 
on  the  march  of  the  company,  he  will  be  selected  for  the  precision 
of  his  step,  his  habit  of  maintaining  his  shoulders  in  a  square  with  a 
a  given  line  of  direction,  and  of  prolonging  that  line  without 
variation. 

7'o  Jialt  the  company,  marching  in  line  of  hattle,  and  to  aliyii  it. 

The  instructor,  wishing  to  halt  the  company,  will  command  : 

1.  Company.    2.  Halt. 

At  the  second  command,  the  company  will  halt ;  the  directing 
sergeant  will  remain  in  advance,  unless  ordered  to  return  to  the  line 
of  file-closei's.     The  company  being  at  a  halt,  the  instructor  ma> 


VIANLML    VOh    VOI.r.STKKa??    ANO   MIIITIA. 
.  •      * 

(Ivance  the  first  three  or  four  filos  on  the  Hide  oJ  .lirectiou,  aii.i 
aliirn  the  company  on  that  basj;g,  or  he  may  confine  Inmsolf  to  oau»- 
nis  the  alignment  to  l)e  roctitt9a.  /  in  this  last  case,  he  will  com- 
niiind  :  Captain,  reef  if  ij  the  aligittimU.  The  eapt^iin  will  direct  the 
covering  serjreant  to  attend  to  the  rear  rank,  wlxen  each,  glancinsf 
his  eyes  along  his  rank,  will  itron»irtly  rectify  it.  cnforjiuiiii-  to  what 
I-  |trpscril).-d  in  the  School  of  tlic  Soldier. 

ohl!</i(f^  ntari^it  in  line  of  hott(f>.~ 

«  The  company  being  in  the  direct  march,  when  the  instructor  shall, 
wish  to  canse  it  to  march  obliquely,  he  will  command : 

1.    lii'iht  (iw  left)  ()hli(iite.     2.   MAiiisii. 

At  the  command  march,  the  company  will  take  the  oblique  step. 
Die  men  will  accurately  observe  tlie  principles  prescribed  in  tlie 
Scliool  of  the  Soldier.  The  rear  rank  men  will  preserve  their  dis- 
t.uices,  and  march  in  rear  of  the  man  next  on  the  right  (or  left)  of 
their  habitual  tile  leadeis. 

When  the  instructor  wishes  tlie  direct  march  to  be  resnmed,.  he 
will  command : 

\ 
1.    Fori'vr/;!.     2.  Maiu'h. 


At  the  command  inarch,  the  company  will  resume' the  direct 
niarch.  The  instructor  will  move  briskly  twenty  paces  in  fiont  of 
the  captain,  and  facing  the  company,  will  place  himself  exactly  in 
the  prolongation  of  the  captain  and  covering  sergeant ;  and  then, 
by  a  sign,  will  move  the  directing  sergeant  on  the  sume  line,  if  he 
lie  not  already  on  it;  the  latter  will  'nmiediately  take  two  points  'o!i 
the  ground  between  himself  and  the  instructor,  and  as  headvinue- 
svill  take  new  })oints  of  direction. 

In  the  oblique  march,  the  men  not  having  the  touch  of  elbows, 
the  guide  will  always  be. on  the  side  towards  which  the  oblique  is 
made,  without  any  indication  to  that  elfect  being  given ;  and  when 
the  direct  march  is  resumed,  the  guide  will  be.  equally  without  in- 
dication, on  the  side  whereit  was  previous  t(»  the  ol)lique. 


